Methodological approaches to the creation of a biological model of smoke in landscape fires

Introduction. Long-term smoke from landscape fires causes various health problems, primarily affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. To substantiate safe levels of exposure to smoke from landscape fires, it is necessary to create an adequate biological model for smoke that is close to natural conditions.

The aim of the study is to develop and test methodological approaches to creating a biological model for smoke during landscape fires to substantiate safe levels of exposure.

Materials and methods. Using the developed biological model, we studied the effects of smoke from landscape fires on white rats. We assessed the functional state of the central nervous system based on rat behaviour and EEG examination results, conducted a morphological study of the cerebral cortex and testes of white rats, and examined the offspring immediately after birth and at puberty.

Results. We studied the biological response of white rats exposed to inhalation smoke from landscape fires for different durations. The main criterion indicators of health disorders in the central nervous and reproductive systems of animals were identified.

Limitations. The study is limited by the lack of data on safe levels of exposure to smoke from landscape fires on the central nervous system and reproductive toxicity.

Conclusion. Testing of the developed method allowed identifying the exposure load of carbon monoxide and ultrafine particles PM_2.5, at which changes in the nervous and reproductive systems are minimal. A method for calculating safe levels of exposure for the central nervous and reproductive systems, as well as for the effect on offspring, is proposed. An algorithm for conducting research in studying the effect of smoke from landscape fires on the body has been developed.

Compliance with ethical standards. A positive conclusion was received from the local ethics committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VSIMEI for conducting experimental studies (Protocol No. 32 dated 10.01.2023); all manipulations with animals were carried out in accordance with Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123).

Contribution:
Sosedova L.M. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;
Vokina V.A. — collection of material and data processing, writing the text, statistical analysis, editing;
Rukavishnikov V.S. — management, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments. The work was carried out in accordance with the scientific research plan provided for by the state assignment, as well as within the framework of grant No. 075-15-2020-787 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

Received: June 4, 2024 / Accepted: September 23, 2024 / Published: October 16, 2024