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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Нижневартовского государственного университета</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2311-1402</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2686-8784</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110577</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36906/2311-4444/25-3/01</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Всеобщая история</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>General History</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Всеобщая история</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The cultural and historical roots of the sd festival in ancient Egypt</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Культурно-исторические корни праздника sd в Древнем Египте</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шеркова</surname>
       <given-names>Татьяна Алексеевна </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sherkova</surname>
       <given-names>Taniana A </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>sherkova@inbox.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Центр египтологических исследований РАН</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Center for Egyptological Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>09</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <fpage>4</fpage>
   <lpage>23</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.nvsu.ru/en/nauka/article/110577/view">https://vestnik.nvsu.ru/en/nauka/article/110577/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В Древнем Египте царский праздник &lt;i&gt;sd&lt;/i&gt; отмечался через несколько лет после коронации и был причастен к важным событиям в период правления монарха. Наиболее ранние материальные источники о проведении торжеств относятся к культуре Нагада (IV тыс. до н. э.) и Раннему царству. На них представлена сцена ритуального бега вождя/царя за священным быком − богом Аписом. Вместе с тем быка приносили в жертву. Применяются сравнительно-сопоставительный и иконографический метод. Истоки ритуала жертвоприношения уходят в первобытные времена охотничьего быта. Коллективная трапеза убитым животным означала приобщение к родовому предку. В динамике исторического процесса тотемические верования трансформировались. Жертвоприношение быка являлось центральным ритуалом во время царских праздников, в том числе, праздника &lt;i&gt;sd&lt;/i&gt;. Целью этого ритуала было высвобождение духа жертвы, которая считалась богом. А жертвователь, − царь подтверждал свой религиозный и социальный статус. Но в процессе проведения праздника &lt;i&gt;сед&lt;/i&gt; и сам царь становился жертвой. Рассмотрение этого торжества как переходного обряда, включающего три стадии: отделения, промежуточный и включения, позволяет видеть в нем магико-религиозную процедуру, переживание символической смерти в прежнем состоянии и рождение в новом качестве. Царь подтверждал свои права на египетский трон и как гарант процветания социума на высшем уровне религиозных представлений восстанавливал победу порядка над хаосом. Иконография фараона с хвостом быка во время ритуального бега во время торжества &lt;i&gt;Hb-sd&lt;/i&gt; сохранялась на протяжении всей истории древнего Египта. Написание фонетической части слова хвост и этого праздника тождественны. Это свидетельствует в пользу гипотезы о сохранении на протяжении тысячелетий религиозно-мифологических представлений о причастности царя к священному быку, обладающему маной, проецированной на владыку Египта. Универсальные представления о жертвоприношении быка и его расчленении ассоциировались с мифами и ритуалами о первой жертве, об умирающих и воскресающих богах, к числу которых принадлежал египетский Осирис, а бык Апис считался его спутником, животной формой бога.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In ancient Egypt, the royal festival &lt;i&gt;sd&lt;/i&gt; was celebrated a few years after the coronation and was involved in important events during the reign of the monarch. The earliest material sources about celebrations relate to the Nagada culture (IV millennium BC) and the Early Kingdom. They show the scene of the ritual running of the leader/king after the sacred bull − the god Apis. Comparative and iconographic research methods are used. At the same time, the bull was sacrificed. The origins of the ritual of sacrifice go back to the primitive times of hunting life. A collective meal with a slaughtered animal meant communion with the ancestral ancestor. Totemic beliefs have been transformed in the dynamics of the historical process. The sacrifice of the bull was a central ritual during royal holidays, including the &lt;i&gt;sd &lt;/i&gt;festival. The purpose of this ritual was to release the spirit of the victim, who was considered as the god. As for the donor, the king confirmed his religious and social status. But in the process of holding the festival, the king himself became a victim. Considering this celebration as a transitional rite, which includes three stages: separation, intermediate and inclusion, allows us to see in it a magico-religious procedure, the experience of symbolic death in the previous state and rebirth in a new capacity. The king confirmed his rights to the Egyptian throne and, as a guarantor of the prosperity of society at the highest level of religious beliefs, restored the victory of cosmic order over chaos. The iconography of the pharaoh with a bull's tail during the ritual running during the celebration of &lt;i&gt;Hb-sd&lt;/i&gt; has been preserved throughout the history of ancient Egypt. The spelling of the phonetic part of the word tail and this festival are identical. This supports the hypothesis that religious and mythological ideas about the king's involvement in the sacred bull with mana projected onto the ruler of Egypt have been preserved for thousands of years. Universal ideas about the sacrifice of the bull and its dismemberment were associated with myths and rituals about the first sacrifice, about dead and resurrected gods, including the Egyptian Osiris, and the bull Apis was considered as his companion, the animal form of the god.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>тотемические представления</kwd>
    <kwd>переходный обряд</kwd>
    <kwd>ритуал посвящения</kwd>
    <kwd>культурная память</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>totemic representations</kwd>
    <kwd>transitional rite</kwd>
    <kwd>initiation ritual</kwd>
    <kwd>cultural memory</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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