The paper elaborates upon the early study of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic age in Eastern Kazakh- stan. The author reviews the research works devoted to this historical period in order characterize the extent to which the territory has been studied. In 1950 East-Kazakhstan expedition by the Institute of History of Material Culture, Leningrad department discovered two settlements near the villages of Malo-Krasnoyarka and Ust-Narym. Here, stationary field studies were held in the settlements of Kazakhstan for the first time. The researchers of the Neolithic age soon got interested in the archeological digs in Ust-Narym. For example, A. P. Okladnikov suggested considering Ust-Narym settlement as a link between the Neolithic age of Siberia and Caspian Sea region. It was offered to date the materials similar to the first layer in the cave of Dzhebel, considering the Neolithic stages of the Trans-Baikal, i.e. around 2500 BC. G. F. Korobkova considered that the industry of settlements was based on flake culture. This was the main thing that distinguished it from platy industries of Central Asia. This conclusion was as a keynote when defining the direction of Ust-Narym cultural ties and Siberian-Altai circle of cultures. Later it became clear that it was wrong to consider the silicic industry of Ust-Narym be based on flake culture. According to S. S. Chernikov, the settlers used 76,4% platy tools in relation to the total amount of stone tools. V. F. Seibert concluded that Ust-Narym culture was long-term, multi-layered and multifunctional. In 1962 the researchers discovered a number of man sites in Karaganda region belonging to different historic periods. Later M. N. Klapchuk published some study materials from the archeological digs. He was the first researcher studied two man sites in Central Kazakhstan, Karaganda 15 and Zelenaya Balka-4, on a permanent basis. M. N. Klapchuk developed a periodization and chronology of the Neolithic age in Central Kazakhstan and made essential stratigraphic observations at the man site Karaganda-15. However, the results of his studies met an inappropriate response among researchers of the Neolithic age in Kazakhstan and South Urals. G. N. Matyushin had quite an affirmative approach towards the periodization of layers at Karaganda-15 man site. The available data allowed the researcher to synchronize the materials of Karaganda-15 man site with the fifth layer in the cave of Dzhebel.