Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University Вестник Нижневартовского государственного университета 2311-1402 2686-8784 117528 10.36906/2311-4444/26-2/05 Экология и природопользование Ecology and Nature Management Экология и природопользование PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF BACILLUS BACTERIA IN BIOREMEDIATION OF LEAD-CONTAMINATED SOILS ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БАКТЕРИЙ РОДА BACILLUS В БИОРЕМЕДИАЦИИ ПОЧВ, ЗАГРЯЗНЁННЫХ СВИНЦОМ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-3117 Сизенцов Алексей Николаевич Sizencov Aleksey N. asizen@mail.ru

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-6276 Булгакова Марина Александровна Bulgakova Marina A. biosu@mail.ru

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-1798 Сальникова Елена Владимировна Sal'nikova Elena V. salnikova_ev@mail.ru

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Оренбургский государственный университет Россия Оренбургский государственный университет Russian Federation Оренбургский государственный университет Оренбург Россия Orenburg State University Orenburg Russian Federation Оренбургский государственный университет Оренбург Россия Orenburg State University Orenburg Russian Federation 25 06 2026 25 06 2026 2 50 59 19 03 2026 27 05 2026 https://vestnik.nvsu.ru/en/nauka/article/117528/view

Целью настоящего исследования является оценка воздействия бактериального препарата на основе Bacillus sp. и свинца, как по отдельности, так и в комбинации, на физиологическое состояние дождевых червей Eisenia fetida в контролируемых лабораторных условиях, для предварительной оценки потенциальных рисков и преимуществ применения данного бактериального штамма в биоремедиации свинец-загрязнённых почв. Выделение почвенных изолятов Bacillus spp. осуществляли из образцов с территории ПАО «Гайский горно-обогатительный комбинат. Для опыта было протестировано четыре экспериментальные группы: контроль (дистиллированная вода), Bac+H₂O, Pb+H₂O, Pb+Bac. Снижение относительной массы дождевых червей до 68,8%, относительно контроля, к 14-м суткам, зафиксировано в варианте со свинцом без бактерий (Pb+H₂O). В комбинированной группе (Pb+Bac) на протяжении всего периода наблюдений зарегистрировано стабильное превышение показателей, так на 3-й день масса червей превосходила контроль на 11,7%, на 14-й – на 15,6%, а к 21 суткам – 19,3%. Таким образом присутствие бактерий штамма Bacillus licheniformis resistantPb нивелирует токсическое действие свинца и способствующий росту червей. Исследование подтверждает целесообразность использования биологических тест-систем, в частности Eisenia fetida, для объективной оценки эффективности и безопасности биоремедиационных технологий. Полученные данные подчёркивают потенциал применения бактерий рода Bacillus для снижения фитотоксичности тяжёлых металлов и восстановления почвенных экосистем.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a bacterial preparation based on Bacillus sp. and lead, both separately and in combination, on the physiological state of Eisenia fetida earthworms under controlled laboratory conditions, for a preliminary assessment of the potential risks and benefits of using this bacterial strain in the bioremediation of lead-contaminated soils. Soil isolates of Bacillus spp. were isolated from samples from the territory of PJSC Gai Mining and Processing Plant. Four experimental groups were tested for the experiment: control (distilled water), Bac+H₂O, Pb+H₂O, Pb+Bac. A decrease in the relative weight of earthworms to 68.8%, relative to the control, by day 14 was recorded in the variant with lead without bacteria (Pb + H2O). In the combined group (Pb + Bac), a consistently higher value was recorded throughout the observation period: on day 3, worm weight exceeded the control by 11.7%, on day 14 by 15.6%, and by day 21 by 19.3%. Thus, the presence of Bacillus licheniformis-resistantPb bacteria neutralizes the toxic effect of lead and promotes worm growth. The study confirms the feasibility of using biological test systems, in particular Eisenia fetida, for an objective assessment of the effectiveness and safety of bioremediation technologies. The obtained data highlight the potential of using Bacillus bacteria to reduce the phytotoxicity of heavy metals and restore soil ecosystems.

 биоремедиация свинец (Pb) Bacillus Eisenia fetida токсичность почв биодоступность bioremediation lead (Pb) Bacillus Eisenia fetida soil toxicity bioavailability Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания (FSGU-2023-0007) соглашение с Минобрнауки России от 15.11.2023 № 075-03-2023-012/8 The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 11/15/2023 № 075-03-2023-012/8 (FSGU-2023-0007)

Баранцевич Е.П. Применение MALDI–TOF масс-спектрометрии в клинической микробиологии // Трансляционная медицина. 2014. № 6. С. 23-28. Barancevich, E.P. (2014). Primenenie MALDI–TOF mass–spektrometrii v klinicheskoj mikrobiologii. Translyacionnaya medicina, 6, 23-28. (in Russ.). Ahemad M., Kibret M. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective // Journal of King Saud University – Science. 2014. Vol. 26, № 1. P. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.001 Ahemad, M., & Kibret, M. (2014). Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 26(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.001 Asif L., Tehami S., Qadeer Y.K., Virani S.S., Lavie C.J., Krittanawong C. Toxic Grounds: A Narrative Review of the Role of Heavy Metal Soil and Water Contamination in Cardiovascular Disease Development // Heart and Mind. 2025. Vol. 9, № 6. P. 527-537. https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.HM-D-24-00108 Asif, L., Tehami, S., Qadeer, Y.K., Virani, S.S., Lavie, C.J., & Krittanawong, C. (2025). Toxic grounds: A narrative review of the role of heavy metal soil and water contamination in cardiovascular disease development. Heart and Mind, 9(6), 527-537. https://doi.org/10.4103/hm.HM-D-24-00108 Alotaibi B.S., Khan M., Shamim S. Unraveling the Underlying Heavy Metal Detoxification Mechanisms of Bacillus Species // Microorganisms. 2021. Vol. 9, № 8. P. 1628. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081628 Alotaibi, B.S., Khan, M., & Shamim, S. (2021). Unraveling the underlying heavy metal detoxification mechanisms of Bacillus species. Microorganisms, 9(8), 1628. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081628 Calabrese E.J., Baldwin L.A. Hormesis: the dose-response revolution // Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2003. Vol. 43, № 1. P. 175-197. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140223 Calabrese, E.J., & Baldwin, L.A. (2003). Hormesis: the dose-response revolution. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 43(1), 175-197. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140223 Christopher J.M., Sridharan R., Somasundaram S., et al. Bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil from industrial site using surface modified amino acid enhanced biosurfactant // Environmental Pollution. 2021. Vol. 289. P. 117917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117917.7 Christopher, J.M., Sridharan, R., Somasundaram, S., et al. (2021). Bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil from industrial site using surface modified amino acid enhanced biosurfactant. Environmental Pollution, 289, 117917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117917 Dixit R., Malaviya D., Pandiyan K., Singh U.B., Sahu A., Shukla R., Singh B.P., Rai J.P., Sharma P., Lade H., Paul D. Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: an overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes // Sustainability. 2015. Vol. 7, № 2. P. 2189-2212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7022189 Dixit, R., Malaviya, D., Pandiyan, K., Singh, U.B., Sahu, A., Shukla, R., Singh, B.P., Rai, J.P., Sharma, P., Lade, H., & Paul, D. (2015). Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: an overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes. Sustainability, 7(2), 2189-2212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7022189 Gadd G.M. Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation // Microbiology. 2010. Vol. 156, № 3. P. 609-643. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.037143-0 Gadd, G.M. (2010). Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation. Microbiology, 156(3), 609-643. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.037143-0 ISO. ISO 11268-1:1993 Soil quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms – Part 1: Determination of acute toxicity to Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 1993. ISO. (1993). ISO 11268-1:1993 Soil quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms – Part 1: Determination of acute toxicity to Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. International Organization for Standardization. Kabata-Pendias A. Trace elements in soils and plants. 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10158 Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace elements in soils and plants (4th ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10158 Ma Y., Oliveira R.S., Freitas H., Zhang C. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe-metal interactions: relevance for phytoremediation // Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016. Vol. 7. P. 918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00918 Ma, Y., Oliveira, R.S., Freitas, H., & Zhang, C. (2016). Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe-metal interactions: relevance for phytoremediation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00918 Mulligan C.N., Yong R.N., Gibbs B.F. Remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils and groundwater: an evaluation // Engineering Geology. 2001. Vol. 60, № 1-4. P. 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00101-0 Mulligan, C.N., Yong, R.N., & Gibbs, B.F. (2001). Remediation technologies for metal-contaminated soils and groundwater: an evaluation. Engineering Geology, 60(1-4), 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00101-0 Nagajyoti P.C., Lee K.D., Sreekanth T.V.M. Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review // Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2010. Vol. 8, № 3. P. 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8 Nagajyoti, P.C., Lee, K.D., & Sreekanth, T.V.M. (2010). Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 8(3), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8 OECD. Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei). OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070325-en OECD. (2004). Test No. 222: Earthworm reproduction test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei). OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070325-en Sahoo S., Goli D. Bioremediation of lead by a halophilic bacteria Bacillus pumilus isolated from the mangrove regions of Karnataka // International Journal of Scientific Research. 2020. Vol. 9, № 7. P. 1337-1343. Sahoo, S., & Goli, D. (2020). Bioremediation of lead by a halophilic bacteria Bacillus pumilus isolated from the mangrove regions of Karnataka. International Journal of Scientific Research, 9(7), 1337-1343. Van Gestel C.A. Soil ecotoxicology: state of the art and future directions // ZooKeys. 2012. № 176. P. 275-296. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2275 Van Gestel, C.A. (2012). Soil ecotoxicology: state of the art and future directions. ZooKeys, (176), 275-296. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2275