Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University Вестник Нижневартовского государственного университета 2311-1402 2686-8784 110626 10.36906/2311-4444/25-4/09 Экология и природопользование Ecology and Nature Management Экология и природопользование NATURAL REGENERATION IN THE SUBURBAN BROAD-LEAVED STANDS IN UFA ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЕ ВОЗОБНОВЛЕНИЕ В ПРИГОРОДНЫХ ШИРОКОЛИСТВЕННЫХ ЛЕСАХ г. УФЫ Гайнанов Салават Габдулсаматович Gaynanov Salavat Gabdulsamatovich Кулагин Алексей Юрьевич Kulagin Aleksey Yu. coolagin@list.ru

доктор биологических наук;

doctor of sciences in biology;

 Янбаев Юлай Аглямович Yanbaev Yulay Aglyamovich Янбаев Руслан Юлаевич Yanbaev Ruslan Yulaevich Бахтина Светлана Юрьевна Bahtina Svetlana Yur'evna 25 12 2025 25 12 2025 4 123 132 06 12 2025 15 12 2025 https://vestnik.nvsu.ru/en/nauka/article/110626/view

Целью работы является исследование естественного возобновления в пригородных насаждениях Республики Башкортостан с участием в их составе как вяза гладкого, так и инвазивного вида клена ясенелистного. Для ее выполнения по данным таксационных описаний 1996 года лесоустройства был проведен анализ характеристик насаждений 23 выделов вблизи г. Уфы. На этих участках заложены пробные площадки (в каждом выделе, на общей площади 0,0605±0,0222 га, с изменениями, в зависимости от густоты подроста, от 0,0353 до 0,4320 га.). В составе основных 1–2 ярусов древостоев и в подлеске ранее были представлены 14 видов, из которых широколиственные древесные растения характеризовались формулой состава в десятичных единицах 3,6В2,4Лп1,2Кл0,7Д0,1И (вяз гладкий, липа мелколистная, клен остролистный, дуб черешчатый и ильм горный, соответственно). У подроста представителей этой формации главных состав (2,2В2,1Кл1,5Лп1И1,0Кля) изменился в сторону уменьшения места широколиственных древесных за счет появления инвазивного клена ясенелистного, доля которого в изученных частях выделов доходила до 8,8 единиц состава. Вид имеет хорошие возможности для дальнейшего укрепления своих позиций из-за представленности крупного подроста высотой более 1,5 м (65,6% молодого поколения этого растения), уступая по численности этой группы только ильму горному. Больше всего подрост клена ясенелистного встречается в чистых вязовниках или насаждениях с доминированием этого растения (3,1–8,8 единиц состава) и реже – в смешанных насаждениях других широколиственных видов. Чем ниже полнота древостоя, тем большей была доля молодого поколения этого вида (коэффициент корреляции Спирмена статистически достоверно отрицательный: R=-0,60, p<0,01). Обсуждены проблемы угрозы видовому разнообразию аборигенных широколиственных лесов.

The aim of the work is to study the natural regeneration in suburban stands of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the participation in them both European white elm and an invasive species, ash–leaved maple. To carry out the study, an analysis of the characteristics of stands in 23 habitats near Ufa was carried out according to the data of the 1996 forest management tax descriptions. Trial plots were established on each of these sites (in each, on a total area of 0.0605± 0.0222 ha, with changes, depending on the density of undergrowth, from 0.0353 to 0.4320 ha). The main 1-2 canopy levels of stands and undergrowth previously included 14 species, of which broad-leaved forest trees were characterized by a composition formula in decimal units 3,6 (smooth elm) : 2,4 (small-leaved linden) : 1,2 (holly maple) : 0,7 (pedunculate oak) : 0,1 (mountain elm). In the undergrowth of this formation’s main representatives, their composition (2,2 (smooth elm) : 2,1 (holly maple) : 1,5 (small-leaved linden) : 1,0 (ash–leaved maple) changed towards a decrease in the place of aboriginal broad-leaved tree species due to the appearance of invasive ash-leaved maple, the proportion of which reached in the studied areas to 8,8 decimal units. The species has good opportunities to further strengthen its position due to the presence of larger undergrowth with a height of more than 1.5 m (65.6% of the young generation of this plant) in the total sample, second in number to this group only to mountain elm. The undergrowth of the ash–leaved maple is most often found in pure elm forests or stands with the dominance of this species (3.1–8.8 units of composition) and less in mixed stands of other species. Stands with lower density had a more frequent occurrence of the young generation of this species (the Spearman correlation coefficient was statistically significantly negative: R=-0.60, p<0.01). The problems of threats to the species diversity of native broadleaf forests are discussed.

 широколиственные леса; подрост; вяз; клен ясенелистный broad-leaved forests; undergrowth; smooth elm; ash-leaved maple

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