The business communication culture is an inalienable aspect of the professional activity of military personnel. The analysis of the essence and content of the business communication culture demonstrated by military students revealed some gaps in the development of this academic discipline in the military universities of the Russian Federation. The need to study this problem is acquiring scientific topicality and practical importance. The military service persons are more actively involved into business activities now but their level of preparedness to conduct business communication in the social and service sphere is rather low. Scientific and practical solutions to this contradiction can become an important component in the general program of transformations in the training of military specialists and further research. This research aimed to determine the conditions for the effective functioning of the process of forming a business communication culture among students of military universities. The practical task of the research was to form a business communication culture and to actualize the process of its formation among students of military universities. To solve the task, theoretical methods were used such as analysis of thesis research; comparative analysis of philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical literature; and study and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience. The methodological basis was a set of basic approaches, namely, systemic, activity-based, axiological, and cultural. The study showed that the effectiveness of the process of forming a business communication culture is ensured by the implementation of a framework of pedagogical conditions, which was developed in this study, and is determined by the selected research methodology and the peculiarities of the studied phenomenon, i.e. the business communication culture of military students.