卷 61, 编号 2 (2025)

The second part of the review presents an analysis of publications on the anti-influenza activity of substances contained in 36 medicinal plants. Each of the described compounds has various mechanisms of action on the influenza virus.

The second part of the review summarizes the data on antiviral activity of 26 medicinal plants from 16 families against herpes simplex virus type I or II. It is shown that active compounds of medicinal plants possessing different mechanisms of action can effectively inhibit the development of infection caused by herpes simplex virus.

The features of the resource-coenotic parameters variability of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. coenopopulations in the age series of artificial green moss pine forest (Рinetum pleuroziozum) in the western Belarus (the Grodno Pushcha Nature Rreserve) are shown. The highest resource and coenotic characteristics of V. vitis-idaea (air-dry shoot yield of 8.5–53.8 g/m²) were observed in mature communities with stand transparency of 46–64%, where no intensive forestry measures that radically change the light regime were carried out. Based on the stand transparency, green moss pine forests with V. vitis-idaea coenopopulations are differentiated into two large clusters: densely closed (pole stand; transparency: 17.0–33.0%, with low values of resource and coenotic parameters) and moderately sparse (two subgroups; transparency: 36–98%).

Maximum values of resource-coenotic parameters of V. vitis-idaea coenopopulations are characteristic for mature stands that are divided into two subclusters with different light regimes: stands where no logging was carried out (subcluster 1) with the transparency of 46–64%, and stands after clear-cutting (subcluster 2) with the transparency of 95–98%. The values of the resource-coenotic parameters of coenopopulations are following: in subcluster 1 (no logging) yield – 52 g/m², height – 7 cm, projective cover – 7%, occurrence – 36%; in subcluster 2 (after clear-cutting) yield – 54 g/m², height – 10 cm, projective cover – 13%, occurrence – 100%. A sharp change in the light regime exerts the most significant effect on the resource-coenotic parameters of V. vitis-idaea. When performing clear-, successive and other types of fellings that increase the transparency >90%, we recommend that V. vitis-idaea medicinal plant materials be harvested in the amount of the operational stock in the first three years following it. Age classification of forest stands can be used to effectively search for resource-significant biotopes (with V. vitis-idaea).

The article discusses the resilience of Quercus robur L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. stands located in the northeastern part of their geographic range. The as a model, a forest outlier of the Central Russian – Volga linden-oak forests with admixture of European ash growing in Tatarstan to the west of the Volga River is used. The total forest cover of the western Tatarstan is 12 %, although in the 18-th century it was almost three times as much as today. The forests surrounded by arable lands have functioned as forest outliers for almost two centuries. The average size of most forest areas does not exceed 500–1000 ha. The model forest is one of two relatively large ones measuring 11,000 ha in size. The dynamics of the taxation characteristics of forest stands for six dates of the state forest inventory (1926, 1947, 1958, 1980, 2011 and 2020) was analyzed. The resilience of forest stands is considered as the ability to restore its presence and numbers after disturbances (clearcutting) and under stress factors (climatic and anthropogenic). The zonally determined forest composition and the main phytocenotic strategies of species are taken as standards. It is shown that at the beginning of the studied period, species were characterized by sustainable phytocenotic strategies: Quercus robur as an upper-storey primary foundation species (edificator), Fraxinus excelsior as a forest stand secondary foundation species (assectator), but these strategies have changed over time. By constructing generalized linear models (GLM), factors significantly associated with these changes are determined. The effects of forest fragmentation in a sparsely forested region aggravate the decrease in resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions, what is common to all species growing at the distribution range margins. In the forest outliers, Quercus robur loses its ability to compete and act as a stable edificator, when the internal integrity of habitats is disturbed due to the economic activities. This provides assectators, including Fraxinus excelsior, with ability to pass from assectators to edificators. Fraxinus excelsior exhibit selectivity in relation to the relief and position relative to the forest boundaries, which allows it to offset the limiting effect of unfavorable climatic conditions. However, only relatively large forests occupying watershed spaces can provide such an opportunity, which are almost nonexistent in a heavily developed region. Therefore, even with the ability to show a progressive strategy, the species cannot find new suitable habitats.

The article discusses the reproduction processes of four introduced species of the genus Onobrychis Mill. in the semi-desert zones of Uzbekistan. On the foothill flatland, in annual species O. micrantha Schrenk and O. pulchella Schrenk. vegetative-to-reproductive transition occurs on the 28–30th day of vegetation, and in perennials O. chorassanica Bunge and O. seravchanica B. Fedtsch. – on the second year of vegetation. Flowering and fruiting occur acropetally along the shoot. The studied species are predominantly allogamous. In the semi-desert, the main pollinators of sainfoines are bees from the genera Andrena, Melitta, Anthophora and the honey bee (Apis mellifera). In annual species O. micrantha and O. pulchella the presence of autotripping is observed. The pollen fertility of the studied taxa was quite high (85.2–91.4%), and the fertility of ovules is from 72.3 (O. seravschanica) to 87.2% (O. pulchella). Fruit maturing is observed in late July – early August. From the beginning of vegetation to fruit ripening, it takes 65–73 days for annuals, 114–123 for O. chorassanica, and 126–131 for O. seravchanica. The potential seed productivity of plants is from 57.2–68.4 (O. micrantha) to 689.3–815.8 (O. chorassanica) ovules per shoot, and the real seed productivity is from 12.2–19.2 (O. micrantha) up to 131.8–152.3 (O. chorassanica) seeds per shoot. In introduced species of Onobrychis, the coefficient of the seed productivity, which is an indicator of plant adaptation to semi-desert conditions, ranges from 15.1 to 42.0%. Reduction of real seed productivity of plants is determined by the influence of a combination of abiogenic and biogenic factors.

Melilotus albus Medic. (Fabaceae) – annual/biennial plant with elongated shoots. In Central Yakutia, in the ontogeny of M. albus, 6 ontogenetic states have been identified: se – seeds, p – seedlings, j – juvenile, im – immature, v – virginal, g – generative. M. albus is renewed only by seed. M. albus is a species alien to Yakutia, where it was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, and is found in the central and southern parts of the republic. All studied cenopopulations are normal and incomplete. The M. albus density is mainly affected by the humidity of the habitat. In moist areas, plants of M. albus quickly gain weight and suppress the growth and reproduction of other species. With low anthropogenic load, heavy precipitation in June causes rapid germination of honey clover, and by mid-summer – the development of groups of immature individuals. The predominance of the generative individuals in ontogenetic spectra can be observed in the absence or under low anthropogenic load and sufficient moisture (near water bodies, during irrigation). High anthropogenic load (grazing, mowing) increases the proportion of virginal individuals. With sufficient moisture under the forest canopy, the proportion of the juvenile individuals increases. M. albus displays itself as a flexible species – drought-resistant, shade-tolerant, resistant to soil compaction and trampling, as well as mechanical damage. Due to the accumulation of coumarins in the generative phase of development, adult M. albus are not consumed by horses, but suffer mechanical damage. Therefore, horse grazing is not a limiting factor for the development of M. albus. The total score assessment of M. albus cenopopulations showed that the habitat moisture and the absence of anthropogenic load are the main success factors for growth and development of the species. Regular annual mowing of M. albus causes a decrease in individual biometric indicators even with sufficient moisture in the habitat.

The article provides results of the research on the total content of anthocyanins compared to the tannins in the aerial and underground parts of five Geranium L. species (G. pratense L., G. sergievskajae (Peschkova) Troshkina, G. affine Ledeb. (= G. transbaicalicum subsp. turczaninovii (Serg.) Peschkova), G. pseudosibiricum J. Mayer, G. eriostemon Fisch. ex DC.) growing in Buryatia. The average content of anthocyanins in the shoots of the studied species is 0.04–0.07%, and in the roots – 0.03–0.06%. The average content of tannins in the aerial parts of the plants varies from 18 to 23%, and in the underground parts – from 20 to 31%. No clear relationship was found between the content of anthocyanins and tannins.