Structural heterogeneities of lithium-bearing layered silicates of paleocarst kimberlites and their prospecting value (Middle-Markhinsky diamond-bearing region, Western Yakutia)

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Abstract

Clay minerals formed as a result of hydrothermal activity within kimberlite pipes were redeposited into the horizons of the Lower Jurassic diamondiferous deposits of the near-facies facies. The mineral composition of the Lower Jurassic Dyakhtar sequence, composed of paleodeluvium and paleokarst deposits, has been studied in the immediate vicinity and at a distance from kimberlite pipes. Mixed-layer minerals with structural heterogeneities, in which an increased concentration (up to 0.1 wt %) of lithium is noted, were found in sections of erosion plumes of weathered varieties of kimberlite rocks. The thickness of sediments with such minerals decreases sharply at distances of more than 2 km from the desired kimberlite body. The identified features in the mineral composition of the deposits overlying kimberlite pipes can be used as new prospecting signs of diamond potential during geological exploration of primary sources of diamonds.

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About the authors

Iv. Iv. Nikulin

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: iinikulin@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. M. Boeva

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: iinikulin@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. S. Bortnikov

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: iinikulin@gmail.com

Academician of the RS

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the central part of the SredneMarkhinsky diamondiferous region (b) and projection of the section through karst cavities associated with kimberlites. 1 - Precambrian basement; 2 - post-Riphean sedimentary cover; 3 - Phanerozoic mobile belts; 4 - SredneMarkhinsky diamondiferous region; 5 - known kimberlite bodies; 2-7 - axial zones of faults identified based on magnetic exploration, seismic exploration and mapping of microtectonic faults: 6 - low-order Vilyui-Markhinsky zone, 7 - high-order Vilyui-Markhinsky zone, 8 - low-order SredneMarkhinsky zone, 9 - high-order SredneMarkhinsky zone (transverse), 10 - ore-controlling Diagonal; 11 - boundary of the Nakyn kimberlite field; 12 – kimberlite pipes and dikes, 13 – Dyakhtarskaya strata, 14 – points of tested wells (the color palette of circles reflects the color of the studied finely dispersed fraction separated during elutriation).

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3. Fig. 2. SEM replicas of the fine fraction <0.001: (a, b), sample 598/439, depth 71.5 m; (c–d) fraction <0.01 mm, sample M 22, depth 218 m; and (e–h) sample SHM-3, depth 80.5 m.

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4. Fig. 3. Thermal curves: (a) sample 581-46-52, (b) sample 528-441-82.

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5. Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the stages of transformation of clay minerals associated with kimberlite magmatism: (a) the stage of kimberlite diatreme formation, (b) the postmagmatic stage of hydrothermal fluid activity, (c) the Early Jurassic stage of redeposition of layered silicates associated with kimberlite magmatism, (d) the modern section. Horizontal scale 1:10000. 1 - reservoirs of smectitization of kimberlite matter, 2 - zones of hydromica of smectites; 3 - argillites; 4 - clays; 5 - siltstones; 6 - inequigranular sands; 7 - pebbles; 8 - gravel and crushed stone; 9 - conglomerates and breccias; 10 - dolomites; 11 - limestones; 12 - fragments of igneous rocks: a) basites, b) kimberlites; 13 - dike of basic composition; 14 - kimberlite pipe; 15 - weathering crust; 16 - tectonic disturbances (faults); 17 - fossil trunks and branches; 18 - shell rock; 19 - stratigraphic boundary; 20 - wellbore; 21 - channels for the discharge of hydrothermal fluids, 22 - deluvial and proluvial flows of clay demolition associated with kimberlite magmatism.

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6. Fig. 5. Empirical diagrams for determining the amount of magmatic component in sediments: (a) and (b) according to Patent-2022 of E.V. Agasheva and A.M. Agasheva, (c) according to Manuella et al., 2012 [12].

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