The object of this research is the historical processes connected with the history of establishment and development of both medical societies in Russia and local charitable organizations in the province in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The subject of the research is the content and features of the formation and development of medical and charitable societies. The research is based on the sources and data from Yaroslavl province. The aim of the article is to consider in an integrated manner the history of population activities in small provincial towns. The solution of the research tasks was achieved both through the identification of the role of the above-mentioned societies in the education system and through depiction of the history of their activity. The study is based on the principles of historism and objectivity. The methodological basis for the research is the dialectical method, which deals with the basic principles of the study of reality in its development. The article considers reasons for the active development of socio-cultural charity in small provincial towns in Yaroslavl province in the early 20th century The author analyses the socio-cultural initiatives of voluntary medical and charitable organisations, their membership and participation in the cultural activity of the society. The article includes a short history of this new initiative («Day of Rye Ear») in various big cities of the country. The study characterises the ear of rye as a symbol of the festival. Historical data is provided on the famine in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was proved that local intelligentsia played a key role in the development of new cultural environment in provincial towns. As a result, two models for the formation of medical and charitable societies in small provincial towns are represented in the article. First approach to the establishment of such associations is opening of branch offices in the province. The second is the formation of organisations due to the initiative of local population. The activity of these organisations was very important for the region, as the state policy in this field was insufficiently active.
malyy provincial'nyy gorod, blagotvoritel'nost', medicina, kul'turnaya sreda, intelligenciya, golod, kolos rzhi, dosug
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