Annually, the volume of production and application of polymeric composite materials (PCM) in various sectors of the national economy is increasing substantially, this will ultimately lead to the emergence of an ecological problem i.e. composite waste disposal. One of the solutions to this problem is the creation of polymer composite materials with a fixed service life and the ability to maintain performance properties during the period of their use, with subsequent destruction in the environment without formation of toxic substances. In special literature there is lack of data concerning evaluation of composite materials biodegradation process in the natural environment, that is why any research in this field is an urgent environmental problem. The aim of the work was to assess the possibility of biological degradation of polymer composite materials. The paper presents an analysis of methods for assessment of the biological degradation of polymeric composite materials. On the basis of the analysis the authors have chosen the method described in GOST 9.049-91 «Unified System for Protection against Corrosion and Aging (ESPC). Polymer materials and their components. Laboratory test methods for resistance to the impact of mold fungi». Studies were conducted on glass fiber polymers (AG-4V and DSV), organic fiber polymer (OP-ZhA) and carbon fiber polymers (UP-Ural-Tr-SF, UTZF2UMN, EPAN-2B), which have a wide application in the aircraft industry. As a result of the studies, microscopic Aspergillus niger , Penicillium sp . and Paecilomyces sp. fungi, were dicovered in oil contaminated soills. The fungi are the main biodecomposer of polymeric composite materials, In order to assess the biodegradation of composite materials, the samples were infected with spores of mold fungus cultures in accordance with GOST 9.049-91. At the end of the incubation period (28 days), it was found that all polymeric composite materials can be used as a food source for microscopic fungi, such as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp ., although these samples are fungi-resistant to the growth of Paecilomyces sp . Micromycete. In the experiment, the composites samples were constantly in the conditions of high humidity and high temperature. High water absorption rates of UE-Ural-Tr-SF and UTZF2UMN materials can increase bioavailability for microorganisms and, as a result, provide more intensive biodegradation of materials.
polimernye kompozicionnye materialy, biodegradaciya, mikromicety, biodestrukciya
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