The paper presents a study of adaptation processes of ecosystems in the Middle Ob Region exposed to oil production impact. The study revealed that the ecosystems are developing on different levels, from the autecological to the landscape levels. Biologically positive changes are developing more or less independently and parallel to each other at different levels of ecosystems. The restorative processes are formed within different time scales: from fast processes (within a few days) to longer ones (within several decades). Algae’s rapid responses occur under the following scenarios: 1) reproduction of euglenophytes ( Euglenophyta ) with a high level of biodiversity in Lenthic reservoirs; 2) florification of cyanobacteria ( Cianophyta - Cianobacteria ) with the dominance of Anabaena cirenalis Rabenh et Flah .; 3) various rapid responses - development of Spirogira, often with the dominance of Ulotrix variabilis Kutz . Responses occur during the active growing season. Following the oligotrophicity of ecosystems, weak and moderate anthropogenic pollution activates accumulation processes (growth process) and biomass degradation (activation of fungi decomposers and soil enzyme cellulase). This level of contamination is typical for a large number of anthropogenic pollution sites. Microfluxion movement of pollutants (tens to hundreds of meters) tends to equalize their concentration and dilution to the biologically safe level within 1-3 months (during the warm season). As for restoration of plant communities, the successional time is usually several years. The period for restoration of higher plants at the level of functional organization and growth processes amounts to 1-3 vegetation seasons. Soil elements restoration is the slowest process with a time period of 101 -102 years. The proportion of plant species used in the revegitation activities at all sites is rather limited both in terms of productivity indicators (involvement in bioefficiency cenoses) and the projective cover. The researchers have recorded no cases of plants used for revegitation to be dominant in the recultivated plant communities. Moreover, such plant species do not become a part of such communities after revegitation. Anthropogenic impacts are always reimposed over the natural vector and cyclic processes, resulting in a complex interference pattern with the features of fractal systems, hence numerous alternative self-similar scenarios of ecosystem recovery taking place. All the studies of ecosystem recovery were based on the behavior of native species of algae, fungi, higher herbaceous and woody plants.
adaptaciya ekosistem, neftedobycha, rekul'tivanty, vosstanovitel'nye processy, dinamika rastitel'nosti
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