The East-Ural radioactive contamination zone was generated due to two radiation incidents and one accident at Mayak Production Association. The radioactive polluted territory is located in northern part of Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions, in southern and southeast part of Sverdlovsk region. The researchers have used physical and statistical method developed in the Main geophysical observatory named after A.I.Voejkov to determine the existential spaiotemporal variability of the meteorological conditions promoting pollution of surface atmosphere. According to this method, the complex characteristic showing the influence of meteorological conditions on the level of surface air pollution is considered to be the potential of atmosphere pollution. To calculate the potential of atmosphere pollution, the authors have used the data on frequency of near-surface air temperature inversions, weak winds, air stagnation and fogs during 1980-1991 registered at eight meteorological stations located in territory of the Urals Department of Hydrometeorology and Environment Monitoring. The meteorological stations are located evenly in the East-Ural radioactive contamination zone and are representative for various districts of the investigated region. The average annual values of atmosphere pollution potential vary from 2.52 (meteorological station in Argayash) and 2.62 (meteorological station in Shatrovo) to 3.22 (meteorological station in Brodokalmak) and 3.12 (meteorological station in Verkhnij Ufaley), i.e. from a zone of middle atmosphere pollution potentials to a zone of high atmosphere pollution potentials. As a rule, during a year the monthly values of atmosphere pollution potential in the East-Ural radioactive contamination zone have two maxima and two minima. When values of atmosphere pollution potential are maximal, the most adverse meteorological conditions for surface atmosphere impurity dispersion are formed, while the minimal quantities of atmosphere pollution potential are characteristic for favorable dispersion conditions. The worst conditions of impurity dispersion are observed within the period from December till February, sometimes till March and from June till July. The best conditions for impurity dispersion are characteristic for the central months of transition climatic seasons, i.e. in April and October. The greatest relative variability of annual and monthly values of atmosphere pollution potential is marked in areas of meteorological stations with the highest values of atmosphere pollution potential, i.e. in meteorological stations in Verkhnij Ufaley, Brodokalmak and Kamensk-Uralskiy. It is worth noting that the obtained data on the existential spaciotemporal variability of atmosphere pollution potential in the East-Ural radioactive contamination zone is important for planning and realizing the measures aimed at quality management of air basin in the given region. In case of raised, high and very high values of atmosphere pollution potential it is necessary to reduce the emissions of polluting substance from stationary sources, and also to reduce the intensity of transportation. In case of low and middle values of atmosphere pollution potential, it is possible to increase the emissions from stationary sources to certain limits and also to increase the amount of transport in cities and settlements.
zona Vostochno-Ural'skogo radioaktivnogo zagryazneniya, meteorologicheskie usloviya rasseyaniya primesey, potencial zagryazneniya atmosfery, prostranstvenno-vremennaya izmenchivost' potenciala zagryazneniya atmosfery
1. Avramenko M.I., Averin A.N., Loboyko B.G., Filin V.P., Glagolenko Yu.V., Drozhko E.G., Kotov E.S., Mokrov Yu.G., Romanov G.N. Avariya 1957 g. Ocenka parametrov vzryva i analiz harakteristik radioaktivnogo zagryazneniya territorii // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 1997. № 3.
2. Aleksahin A.I. Istoriya ekspluatacii vodoema Karachay. Obzornyy ocherk po arhivnym i otchetnym materialam PO «Mayak» // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 2005. № 4.
3. Atlas Vostochno-Ural'skogo i Karachaevskogo radioaktivnyh sledov, vklyuchaya prognoz do 2047 goda / Pod red. Yu.A.Izraelya. M., 2013.
4. Bakurov A.S. Nauchnyy i prakticheskiy opyt likvidacii posledstviy avarii 1957 g. // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. VURS-45. Spec. vypusk. 2002.
5. Bakurov A.S., Romanov G.N., Sheyn G.N. Dinamika radiacionnoy obstanovki na territorii Vostochno-Ural'skogo radioaktivnogo sleda // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 1997. № 4.
6. Buldakov L.A. 45 let posle avarii na himkombinate «Mayak» // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. VURS-45. Spec. vypusk. 2002.
7. Volobuev P.V., Chukanov V.N., Shtinov N.A., Alekseenko N.N. Tehnogennye radiacionnye incidenty v Ural'skom regione, ocenki i utochneniya // Ural. Radiaciya. Reabilitaciya / Otv. red. V.N.Chukanov. Ekaterinburg, 2004.
8. Vostochno-Ural'skiy radioaktivnyy sled (Sverdlovskaya oblast') / Pod red. V.N.Chukanova. Ekaterinburg, 1996.
9. Genezis i koncepciya Gosudarstvennoy programmy Rossiyskoy Federacii po radiacionnoy reabilitacii Ural'skogo regiona i merah po okazaniyu pomoschi postradavshemu naseleniyu na period do 1995 goda. Ekaterinburg, 1993.
10. Degteva M.O., Vorob'eva M.I., Tolstyh E.I., Shagina N.B., Kozheurov V.P. Dozimetricheskaya sistema reki Techa: rekonstrukciya doz dlya ocenki riska radiacionnyh posledstviy // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 2000. № 4.
11. Drozhko E.G., Ivanov I.A. i dr. Sovremennoe sostoyanie podzemnoy gidrosfery PO «Mayak» // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 1996. № 1.
12. Izuchenie radioekologicheskih, radiacionno-gigienicheskih i social'no-hozyaystvennyh posledstviy massirovannogo radioaktivnogo zagryazneniya bol'shih ploschadey (1958-1984 gg.): Otchet po teme «Mirazh» / Sost. L.A.Milakina, P.M.Stukalov. Ozersk, 2005. T. 3.
13. Klimaticheskie harakteristiki usloviy rasprostraneniya primesey v atmosfere. Spravochnoe posobie / Pod red. E.Yu.Bezugloy i M.E.Berlyanda. L., 1983.
14. Leont'ev L.I., Danilov N.I., Smirnov L.A., Soloboev I.S., Chukanov V.N. Ekologicheskie problemy Urala // Nauka v Rossii. 1999. № 1 (109).
15. Ocenka radiacionnoy obstanovki na territorii, zagryaznennoy v rezul'tate vetrovogo perenosa radioaktivnyh aerozoley v rayone predpriyatiya v 1967 godu // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 1996. № 4.
16. Romanov G.N. Radiacionnaya avariya na PO «Mayak»: praktika kontrmer, ih effektivnost' i izvlechennye uroki // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 1997. № 3.
17. Slovar' terminov. URL: http://www.po-mayak.ru/wps/wcm/connect/mayak/site/Info/Education/glossary
18. Spravochnik po klimatu SSSR. Sverdlovsk, 1966. Vyp. 9. Istoriya i fiziko-geograficheskoe opisanie meteorologicheskih stanciy i postov.
19. Ternovskiy I.A., Korsakov Yu.D. Otchet o sanitarno-radiacionnoy obstanovke v zone nablyudeniya v 1981 g. // Voprosy radiacionnoy bezopasnosti. 1996. № 1.
20. Teterin A.F. Izmeneniya osnovnyh harakteristik klimata na Urale za period instrumental'nyh nablyudeniy // Vestn. Ural'skogo otd-niya RAN. 2013. № 3 (45).
21. Teterin A.F. Meteorologicheskie usloviya formirovaniya zony Vostochno-Ural'skogo radioaktivnogo zagryazneniya. Ekaterinburg, 2003.
22. Teterin A.F. Ekologo-klimaticheskie osobennosti zony Vostochno-Ural'skogo radioaktivnogo zagryazneniya. Ekaterinburg, 2011.
