Studied enzymatic and microbiological activity of soils on agrocenoses and shows the integral evaluation of their biological condition in a steppe Trans-Urals Republic of Bashkortostan. The enzymatic activity of soils was studied by the following methods: catalase activity - on A. S. Galstyan (1974); cellulose - by applications, proteolytic - to reduce the weight of nitrogen-containing substances gelatin, urease on account of quantity of ammonia in the decomposition of urea. To assess the ecological state of soil agroecosystems integral indicator of the biological condition of the soil was used (IPBS) (Valkov et al., 2001). The number of major ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms set by planting soil suspension of dilutions on agar nutrient medium meat-peptone agar (MPA), starch-ammonia agar (SAA), an empty agar (GA), agar soil extract (PA). The characterization of the microbial community structure was carried out by the coefficients: immobilization of mineral nitrogen (Kimm) oligotrophicity factor (Kolig). Based on data analysis of the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem steppe Trans-Urals on different grounds it can be concluded that the use of arable land has a negative impact on the level of hydrolytic enzymes. Reducing the integral index of the biological activity of soils under arable crops may indicate a violation of their information, as well as the biochemical, physico-chemical, chemical and holistic ecosystem. The specific structure of microbial communities in soils under virgin prevents nitrogen removal outside the ecosystem. Agricultural use of soil leads to increased mineralization processes and, consequently, to reduce the content of nitrogen in the ecosystem. The cultivation of perennial grasses improves the biological condition of the soil, which will undoubtedly affect their fertility. These results confirm that the figures presented in the enzymatic and microbial activity can be recommended as welfare indicators of soil environment, reflecting the functional state of the soil biota.
fermentativnaya aktivnost', mikroflora, agrocenoz, chernozem obyknovennyy
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