No 1 (2022)

The object of the study was the water and bottom sediments of the Bolshoye Yarovoye and Burlinskoye salt lakes located in the Kulunda steppe lowland and having recreational value. The aim of this work is to study the antibacterial and anti-candidiasis properties of water and bottom sediments of lakes in the Kulunda lake region in the context of their ecological state. The main factors affecting the basins of lakes B. Yarovoe and Burlinskoe are the intensification of the recreational load due to the development of domestic tourism, the activities of industrial enterprises, and, as a consequence, the washout of pollutants, the extraction and transportation of salt (in Lake Burlinskoe) and the almost complete extraction of silt mud. (in Lake B. Yarovoe), plowing of adjacent territories. No causative agents of infectious diseases were found in the water and bottom sediments, and the total microbial count is about 102 CFU / ml. The predominant group of microorganisms found on agar culture media are non-spore-bearing bacteria. The water of the salty lake B. Yarovoe, filtered from microorganisms, possesses inhibitory properties in relation to all studied 14 gram-positive and gram-negative test strains of microorganisms, and the water of Lake Burlinskoye – in relation to nine strains: gram-negative bacteria Salmonella sonnei 32, Klebsiella pneumonia В-4894, Рseudomonas mirabilis 160205, Serratia marcescens d, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli 6645 ATCC 25922, gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Mycobacterium smegmatis GK and regarding the causative agent of candidiasis Candida albicans 620. It was also shown that pure cultures of spore-forming bacteria isolated from the water and bottom sediments of the studied lakes also have antagonistic activity. The ecological stability of lake ecosystems, in spite of anthropogenic transformation and climatic changes affecting the water and salt regime, is based on biogenic processes that provide resistance to microorganisms introduced from outside, including pathogenic ones, and their elimination.

The article examines the reproduction, frequency, distribution, density, preventive measures against pests of some Magnolia species on a scientific basis. Pests belonging to the species of this genus have been observed to be Icerya purchasi Mack, 1878, Ceroplastes sinensis Guer., Tetranychus urticae Koch., Helix pomatia Lin., 1758 and Pseudomonas syringae van Hall 1904. On the basis of phytosanitary monitoring, route observations and stationary examinations of magnolia plants grown in the experimental fields of the Institute of Dendrology in Absheron Peninsula (2020-2021), plant samples infected with pests and pathogens were collected and systematically analyzed. As a result of the monitoring of pests, magnolias were first discovered in Absheron: Icerya purchasi, Ceroplastes sinensis, Tetranychus urticae, Helix pomatia. Some bioecological features of the dangerous larvae of Icerya purchasi and Ceroplastes sinensis have been revealed. For the first time, a number of promising insecticides against their larvae have been selected. The data on the experimental work on the selection of drugs and their concentration as the most effective measure to control pest species are presented. The reason for the weakening of plants, and sometimes their death, is a complex of factors of negative impact: biotic – harmful arthropods and damage by various diseases; abiotic – unfavorable climatic conditions; anthropogenic – violation of the soil cover and natural herbaceous vegetation, insufficient and untimely care of plants due to the limited funds allocated for this purpose.

In our study, we chose Eisenia fetida worms as the object of study, which were cultivated on artificial soil, where Zn and Cu NPs were added at doses of 0; 100; 250; 500 and 1000 mg/kg dry soil. The survival rate of worms when exposed to an artificial substrate in the control was 100%. 20% decrease in survival was recorded when Zn NPs were introduced at a dose of 500 mg/kg of dry soil on the 14th day. The survival rate with the introduction of Cu NP was 90-100%, at the same time the lowest survival rate (20%) was noted at a concentration of 500 mg/kg on day 14. In the course of studies, the dose-dependent nature of the accumulation of copper and zinc in Eisenia fetida was established. At a dose of 1000 mg/kg Zn NPs, zinc was excreted from the body of worms at a rate of 3.9 mg/kg/day and decreased with an increase in the dose of introduced Zn NPs. Excretion of copper from the body of worms occurred at a concentration of 500 mg/kg of Cu NP on day 14. At the same time, the rate of elimination from the body of the worm increased with an increase in the concentration of metal in the soil (by 34-53%). The maximum bioaccumulation was recorded with the addition of 100 mg/kg of Cu NP. Thus, on artificial soil, the accumulation of copper and zinc was a dose-dependent parameter. The worm's body is capable of accumulating zinc when NPs are added up to 500 mg / kg, inclusive, with subsequent excretion into the external environment at a concentration of 1000 mg / kg of soil. At a concentration of 500 mg/kg of Cu NPs on artificial soil, the removal of metal from the body of the worm on the 14th day was noted. The maximum bioaccumulation of Cu NPs was recorded upon the addition of 100 mg/kg Cu NP.

The aim of the work is to establish the peculiarities of the organization of various aspects of life in the dynamics of the winter/summer seasons among students studying in the conditions of the photoperiod of the northern region (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area – Yugra) and the temperate climatic zone (Vladikavkaz). In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, among students of both sexes, the proportion of persons with evening chronotypes was higher than in Vladikavkaz. Among thenorthernyoung men, there were no persons with a definite morning chronotype, and among the Vladikavkaz students there was noone with a definite evening chronotype; in the southern region, the share of “larks” was higher. In the dynamics of winter/summer in all groups, an increase in the proportion of “larks” was found, less pronounced in young men. Among the students of Vladikavkaz in both seasons, young men predominated among morning chronotypes, the percentage of persons with an arrhythmic chronotype was higher among young women. The values of the index of photoperiodic stability, in general, characterize the chronotype of the examined students as rigid. In the organization of life in the social group of students, social generators of rhythm prevail over natural factors.

The article presents data on the content of copper in the plow horizon of the main types of soils of the Tyumen region used in agricultural production, and determines the relationship of its distribution with the main physical and chemical indicators of soils (humus, pH, macroelements). To analyze the geochemical features of the microelement distribution in the soil cover, field, laboratory, and statistical research methods were used. When summarizing and analyzing the material, we used our own research and materials from the reports of the FGBU GSAS “Tyumenskaya” on the survey of arable soils in the Tyumen region. In all studied types of soils in the south of the Tyumen region, excess of the permissible concentrations of copper is not observed. The content of mobile forms of copper, depending on the type and subtype of soils, varies in the range from 0.15 to 0.25 mg/kg, the total content ranges from 10 to 18 mg/kg. The ratio of the mobile form to the gross content is from 1.05 to 2.29%. A reliable relationship between mobile copper and its total content has not been established. A close correlation has been established between the total content of copper and mobile forms of potassium, humus and the pH level. For mobile forms of copper, there is an average correlation with the content of humus in soils. The relationship between the mobile forms of copper and phosphorus has not been established. The data obtained can be used in environmental monitoring as initial, background reporting points in assessing the degree of pollution of agrocenoses, as well as in predicting the effect of copper in the soil-plant system in the south of the Tyumen region.

The most widespread soils in the Republic of Azerbaijan are mountain-meadow soils. The aim of the research was a comprehensive and comparative study of morphodiagnostic parameters, physical and chemical properties, as well as the biochemical activity of natural and anthropogenically modified biogeocenoses of the Kedabey region. The area has unique flora and fauna. Surroundings of the villages Gara Murad, Kichik Garamurad, Saratovka and others were investigated. The research was carried out on virgin and cultivated lands in villages. The degree of mineralization of the rivers Zayamchay and Chekhrichay ranges from 140 to 430 mg. The groundwater level in these areas exceeds 2 m, salinization processes are active. A herbarium was collected and the floristic composition of natural cenoses was determined. Invertebrates were also collected and the dominant composition of the fauna of natural cenoses was determined. Of the saprophages in these biocenoses, woodlice of the genus Hemilepisthus and Armadillidium are widely used. The most intensive decomposition of the remains of cereal vegetation is observed in the soil of the coastal strip (65.9%). In the natural cenosis, the rate of destruction of saltwort and salt-tolerant grass vegetation reaches 44.3%. The main role in the destruction of plant remains is played by a group of saprphages, which actively use plant litter. The decomposing material reaches its final stage of microbiological transformation. The duration and amount of CO2 in different soil horizons were also studied. It has been established that with increasing depth, the amount of carbon dioxide decreases. The hydrolytic activity of invertase and urease enzymes in the studied soils can be assessed as very weak. Comparative results of all these agrochemical studies helped to develop virgin soils in agriculture on the plains and achieve high productivity.

Selenium is the most important trace element in the body of plants, animals and humans. In this regard, the study of selenium in soils and vegetation of territories unaffected by anthropogenic impact, which are specially protected natural territories (protected areas), is of great theoretical and practical importance. The Tyumen State Nature Reserve and the Taganay National Park were chosen as the study areas. In these territories, the gross content of selenium in the upper horizon of soils (0-20 cm) was studied. The analysis of selenium content in plants was carried out in the Taganay National Park for the three most common plant species of the herbaceous tier in the study area – cane vine (Calamagrostis arundinacea), common sour (Oxalis acetosella L.), common blueberry (Vaccinium myrtíllus L). The plants were selected at the same sites as the soil samples. The selenium content in soil and plants was determined in the branch of FSBI “TsLATI in the Ufa region” in the Tyumen region by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry using a Varian 720 – ES spectrometer. Despite the significant biogeochemical differences of the studied protected areas, the selenium content in the soils of the studied territories does not differ significantly and ranges from 0.01 to 0.09 mg/kg, with average values of 0.05±0.02 and 0.062±0.02 mg/kg, respectively, in the soils of the Taganay National Park and the Tyumen State Reserve. The studied soils of protected areas are selenium-deficient. This may be one of the reasons for the lack of selenium in the soil–plant system. The total content of selenium has a pronounced relationship with the humus content in the soils of the Tyumen State Reserve and with the level of acidity in the soils of the Taganay National Park. The selenium content in the most common herbaceous plants of the Taganay National Park varies within insignificant limits and does not differ significantly, both in species composition and in relation to functional zones. The generalized selenium content in plants is at the lower limit of availability (0.051-0.054 mg/kg of dry matter). According to the calculated absorption coefficient, these plants for the accumulation of selenium belong to groups of weak capture. The low content of selenium in the studied plants of the Taganay National Park is associated with a shortage of this gross content of the element in soils and, apparently, with a low content of its water-soluble forms.