No 4 (2022)

Cover Page

Full Issue

Biological Sciences

Composition and Status of Some Endemic Sections of the Genus Camellia (Theaceae) in Vietnam

Hoi Q.V., Truong H.T., Uyen N.B., Doudkin R.V., Dung L.V.

Abstract

Recently, many new species of Camellia have been discovered in Vietnam. They accompanied some new sections that have been added to the genus Camellia. This study aims to determine the species composition of some endemic sections, as well as their current status in Vietnam. The study was based on 27 literature sources and examined a series of specimens of Camellia species from the herbarium. A total of 14 endemic species to Vietnam belong to 5 sections were considered. The common morphological characteristics of each section were modified, which have changed following the change in the number of species. Taxonomy keys to species have been given for sections containing more than one species. Information on the distribution and status of 14 endemic species has been given.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):4-13
pages 4-13 views

Features of Growth and Development of Hesperaloe Small-flowered Hesperaloe parviflora (Torr.) J.M. Coult. on the South Coast of Crimea

Maksimov A.P., Kovalev M.S., Chichkanova E.S.

Abstract

The results of the primary introduction test of small-flowered hesperaloe (Hesperaloe parviflora (Torr.) J.M. Coult., 1894) in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (NBG), on the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC); in Sevastopol (Cape Fiolent) are presented. The features of the growth and development of the studied plants growing in open and protected ground are given. Factors affecting the set of fruits with viable seeds have been identified, the frost resistance of this species has been determined. Based on long-term observations, it has been established that Hesperaloe parviflora is very resistant to fungal diseases, viruses and harmful insects, which have not been detected over many years of research. We have been developed criteria that in the future will allow us to provide scientifically sound recommendations on the agrotechnics of growing small-flowered Hesperaloe in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC) and on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (BSCC). As a result of the studies of small-flowered Hesperaloe, it has been proved that this species has successfully passed the primary introduction test and is promising for gardening on the SCC.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):14-23
pages 14-23 views

Analysis of Features of Accumulation of Macro- and Microelements in Grass of Hollow of Five-Lobed Flora of Voronezh Region

Dyakova N.A.

Abstract

Studies of the elemental composition of wild raw materials are relevant and significant due to the high efficiency and biological availability of organometallic forms contained in plants. The purpose of the study is to study the macro- and microelement composition of motherwort herb five-lobed natural phytocenosis of the Voronezh region. Raw materials were harvested during the flowering of the plant in the Voronezh State Natural Biosphere Reserve. The microelement composition of the samples was studied mass spectroscopically on an ELAN-DRC instrument. It was revealed that the content of the microelement complex is 5.8%, 59 elements were determined. Macroelements make up 96.31% of the total elemental composition of the five-lobed hollow grass. The macroelements are based on potassium (more than 30 mg/g), as well as calcium (more than 16 mg/g). Essential trace elements make up 3.08% of the total mineral complex of the five-lobed hollow grass. Among them, the highest content was noted for silicon (more than 1.4 mg/g), iron (more than 0.1 mg/g). The content of regulated heavy metals and arsenic in the grass of the five-bladed dummy complies with the requirements of regulatory documentation. Lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic account for 0.0008% of the total mineral complex of raw materials. The share of toxic and little-studied elements in the total mineral complex of the grass of the five-lobed dummy is 0.61%. The highest content was observed for aluminum (191.4 μg/g), strontium (65.2 μg/g), barium (70.3 μg/g), titanium (19.2 μg/g), rubidium (5.68 μg/g). The high ability of the five-lobed puberty grass to accumulate phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, cadmium from the soil, as well as a significant opportunity to accumulate calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, strontium and tellurium, is shown.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):24-32
pages 24-32 views

Features of Seasonal Growth of Shoots of the Crimean Population Juniperus deltoides R.P. Adams

Korenkova O.O.

Abstract

Juniperus deltoides is one of the most common junipers in the Crimea. The species is included in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea. One of the leading reasons for the decline in the population is the low level of its natural renewal. Among the leading factors affecting the growth and development of individuals, a number of abiotic factors can be distinguished. On this basis, the purpose of the study was to assess the characteristics of the seasonal growth of J. deltoides shoots in connection with the weather and edaphic-orographic conditions of the Crimean Mountains. Research objectives: to identify the main abiotic factors affecting the growth of J. deltoides shoots; establish the strength of the influence of these factors. Using the methods generally accepted in forestry and geobotany, we carried out the laying of trial plots with the selection of model trees. The length of the shoots was measured according to the generally accepted method for the current year and for the two previous ones. To determine the types of habitat conditions, we used the method of P.S. Pogrebnyak. As a result of the research, it was found that the greatest influence on the growth of shoots of J. deltoides in the Crimean mountains has the amount of precipitation in the period from February to June. The maximum increase was observed in individuals of the western group and amounted to 5.80 ± 0.34 cm in 2021. The growth height of individuals above sea level has a lesser effect on the strength of shoot growth. The influence of this factor is 52.9%. The exposure of the slope and the edaphic conditions of the habitats have almost the same effect (21.56% and 19.10%). It has been established that the most favorable areas for the growth of J. deltoides are areas of very dry sub-bodies with a northeastern exposure of the slope.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):33-42
pages 33-42 views

Ecological Aspects of the Analysis of the Age Structure of the Stand of the National Park “Buzuluksky Bor”

Ryabukhina M.V., Khakimov E.R., Filippova A.V., Latypov A.A.

Abstract

The forests of the steppe Trans-Urals cover a small area and are represented to a greater degree by island forests, birch outlier and inundable poplar forests. However, it is difficult to overestimate their bioecological, habitat forming, soil-fixing, protective and recreational functions. Currently, due to various forest growth conditions and forestry operations, in natural and artificial forest stands, there are processes of shrinking of the stand, epiphytoxics of the stand with harmful insects and fungal diseases, an increase in the proportion of overmature stands, which worsen the general condition of the forest, lead to the development of outbreaks of diseases and create an inflammability. The tree plantations “Buzuluksky Bor National Park” are exposed to periodic droughts, high temperatures in spring and summer, fires in large areas, diseases, as well as continuous logging carried out in the past, which leads to a change in the structure of the stand. The article provides a history of the bor formation, which in the process of its formation was undergone serai change, the influence of various both positive and negative factors, which can be attributed to an anthropogenous factor. An analytical analysis of the changes in the forest fund of the national park “Buzuluksky Bor National Park” because of the use of logging of the main use and the impact of the pyrogenic factor is given. Changes in the area of plantings of individual species by years of forest management are also presented. The optimal age structure is determined, the value of the normative distribution of the areas of plantings for each kind of wood is calculated. Conservation and restoration of forest territories of the steppe zone, in particular “Buzuluksky Bor National Park”, the productive capacity of tree plantations, continuing of protective functions, as well as biodiversity and their contribution to global ecological processes are currently the task of prime importance and criterion for sustainable management of forest resources.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):43-52
pages 43-52 views

Comparative Floristic Studies of Island Hogs of the Southern Border of the Pinus sylvestris Range on the Territory of the East European Plain and the Southern Outskirts of the Ural Mountain Country

Ryabinina Z.N., Ryabukhina M.V.

Abstract

The article considers the natural relict forests of Pinus sylvestris L. within the southwestern boundary of the range at the junction of geomorphological areas and floristic areas within the Orenburg region. Relict plantings are characterized by high floral diversity and are subdivided on the basis of geobotanical studies into the following communities: grass-mossy pine forests; lichen pine forests; oak-lime pine forests; grass pine forests of depressions and hills – Buzuluksky forest; grass pine forests of depressions; sparse woodlands at rock outcrops – Karagai – Pokrovsky forest. Adrianople, Bolotovsky, Aland island forests are represented by sparsely wooded rock outcrops with the presence of areas of depressions and hills – grass pine forests. The revealed floristic differentiation between the studied forests is largely associated with isolation and remote location in a limited area in a region with increasing intensity of economic use over the past decades, as well as with the evolutionary processes of the formation of the Pinus sylvestris L. habitat. at the junction of two parts of the world of Europe and Asia, which are manifested in the features of the geomorphological structure and convergence of botanical and geographical zones.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):53-67
pages 53-67 views

Changes in Spider Communities Under the Influence of Anthropogenic Environmental Pollution

Khnyckin A.S., Ivantsova E.A., Lebedeva T.N.

Abstract

The article considers aspects of the transformation of the spider community under the influence of anthropogenic pressure in the dry-steppe conditions of the Volgograd region. Data on changes in the number and species composition of the Aranei order as they move away from the most typical sources of pollution for the city: an unauthorized landfill (in the Kamyshin-Stalingrad state forest belt), a highway (2nd Longitudinal, near Universitetskijprospekt) and an energy enterprise (Volgograd Thermal Power Plant-3) are presented. Samples were taken near the object of pollution, outside the legally defined zone where the influence of the source of pollution is reduced to acceptable values for farming (for example, in the case of highways, these are the boundaries of the exclusion zone) and in the middle between the object and the boundary of the exclusion zone. In the case of unauthorized landfills, there is no legislative regulation, and therefore a distance of 30 m is taken as the size of the exclusion zone. When collecting spiders, open soil entomological Barber traps with a diameter of 10 cm, with a fixing solution, were used. To assess the qualitative changes in the species composition of spiders (without taking into account the number of individuals of each species), the Chekanovsky-Sørensen index was used, and for qualitative (taking into account the number of individuals), the Bray-Curtis index of quantitative similarity was used. As a result of the carries out research, the qualitative ratio of the species diversity of the Aranei order representatives in the territory near the sources of anthropogenic pollution was established, comparative data on the degree of similarity of the species composition of spiders at key polygons were obtained. The results of the research have shown that the influence of all pollution sources on spider communities is great, but it noticeably weakens with distance from them, and beyond the boundaries of the exclusion zone decreases to acceptable values.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):68-77
pages 68-77 views

Parasitic Arthropods of Small Mammals in the Subpolar Urals (Eastern Macro-Slope)

Starikov V.P., Mayorova A.D., Vershinin E.A., Egorov S.V., Kravchenko V.N., Nakonechny N.V., Bernikov K.A., Sarapultseva E.S.

Abstract

Surveys of small mammals (insectivorous and rodents) and their ectoparasites were carried out in the Subpolar Urals (eastern macro-slope) near Mount Neroyka (Berezovsky district, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Ugra) in different altitude zones (from 407 to 1018 m above sea level) in 2020 and 2021. A total of 15 species of parasitic gamasid mites, 1 species of ixodid ticks, 11 species of fleas and 1 species of lice were identified. Two counting methods, ditch with pitfalls and trap-lines, were used to better reveal the composition of small mammals (feeders of ectoparasites). Specific parasites of Eurasian water voles, Laelaps muris and Hyperlaelaps amphibius, dominated among gamasid mites regardless of the method of trapping insectivores and rodents. At the same time, the proportion of the Eurasian water vole in the small mammal community of the Subpolar Urals (eastern macro-slope) did not exceed 7%. The group of dominant species also included Laelaps algericus, which was recorded in only three species (of 16 small mammal species recorded in the Subpolar Urals): the Eurasian water vole, the field vole and the Middendorff's vole. Among rare species of gamasid mites, Haemogamasus dauricus is of particular interest, a species not previously recorded in the Urals and Western Siberia. Ixodes persulcatus is a single occurrence in the area. The find of this tick is one of the most northerly in the Asian part of the Russian Federation. Among representatives of flea and lice groups the share of specific species (shrews and red-backed voles) is high. This is probably due to the high mobility of shrews, their close contact with rodents, and the specificity of animal counting methods.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):78-88
pages 78-88 views

Variability of Helioclimate Factors and Applicability to the Emergency Service Population of the Northern Region

Ragozin O.N., Pogonysheva I.A., Shalamova E.Y., Pogonyshev D.A., Ragozina E.R., Postnikova V.V.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to study the influence of the variability of weather and heliophysical factors on the appeal to the “Ambulance” service for different groups of nosologies in the population of the Russian North. Information about calls to the emergency medical service of Khanty-Mansiysk was obtained from the database of calls for the period from 2001 to 2021 by disease classes (ICD-10). To assess the dynamics of weather factors, data from the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information and materials from the weather station of Khanty-Mansiysk were used. The dynamics of air temperature; barometric pressure; relative humidity; baric trend; maximum wind speed; weight oxygen content in the air are analyzed. Data on the relative daily number of sunspots are obtained from the materials of the Royal Observatory of Belgium. The average daily values of the level of planetary geomagnetic activity, expressed by the Ap index, are copied from the website of the National Center for Geophysical Data of the USA (Boulder). Mathematical processing was carried out using wavelet analysis. The graph of temperature fluctuations for the period from 2001 to 2021 shows a significant circadian cyclicity and a semi-annual rhythm with a high level of trend. Significant rhythms of barometric pressure with a period of 5 years, 1 year and rhythms close to semi-annual, seasonal and near-monthly are observed. Humidity changes significantly in the circadian and intra-annual rhythms. The baric tendency has significant rhythms: 3 years, 1 year, 6, 3, 2 months. Changes in the maximum wind speed do not have a circadian rhythm, but intra-annual monthly variations are observed. The value of the weight oxygen content has circadian; two-year, five-year; two- and near-monthly rhythms. The relative number of sunspots (W) for the period from 2001 to 2021 is characterized by a five-, two-year and circadian rhythm. When considering the variations of the number W for the period from 1818 to 2017, in addition to the classic eleven-year, annual and near-monthly, rhythms with a period of 42.5 years, 18.1 years and 2.1 years are found. The index of planetary geomagnetic activity (Ar) has a rhythm with a period of 4 years, two-year and near-annual. The significance of all rhythms is p=0.001. When analyzing fluctuations in geomagnetic activity from 1932 to 2016, long-term rhythms are added: 35.00 years; 16.06 years; 10.88 years; semi-annual and three-month rhythms. Despite numerous hypotheses of the search for cosmobiological harmony in the form of “evolutionary synchronisms”, “rhythmic cascades”, “golden section”, the problem of the interaction of exogenous natural rhythms and endogenous rhythms of the human body remains largely unresolved. Comparison of the results of various studies is difficult due to methodological and mathematical approaches. With observation periods of 100-200 years or more, a long-period component is monitored, and in clinical studies (from a day to a week), short-period components are detected. Changing the background in the form of helioclimatic and social variations also does not add accuracy. The use of various methods of time series analysis involves obtaining information of different resolution levels (Fourier transform, SWANN, wavelet analysis). Nevertheless, the results obtained track the classical rhythms of solar and geomagnetic activity with periods of about eleven years, a year and a month. There is also a 35-year-old rhythm, a 42.5-year-old rhythm close to the 44.16-year rhythm identified by Bezrukova A.Ya., at 18.1 years (long-period components of the lunar tide) and other intra-annual rhythms with periods from two weeks to 9 months. The effect of helioclimatic factors on human health indicates the absence of constant coherence (in our case, the consistency of these processes over time, manifested when they are combined), due to the presence of a large number of mega- and mesorhythms, which is manifested by amplitude and phase desynchronization of heliogeophysical indicators and health status.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):89-97
pages 89-97 views

Risk Factors of Cholangiocarcinogenesis in Parasitization of a Natural Focal Ecopathogen Helminth Opisthorchis felineus

Fedorov N.M., Rybka A.G.

Abstract

Epidemiological researches, carried out by professor A.A. Shain in Ob-Irtysh basin of Tyumen region, have allowed to consider chronic opisthorchiasis as facultative liver precancer and develop the original concept of cholangiocarcinogenesis on the background of long-term invasion by trematode Opisthorchis felineus of hepatobiliary system of the body. According to this concept, the initiating role in cholangiocyte transformation belongs to endogenous factors – secondary bile acids, having mutagenic/carcinogenic properties, which formation is mediated by helminthosis-related exogenous intestinal microflora in intrahepatic bile ducts. Obtained data confirmed content of endogenous carcinogenic factors – secondary bile acids in duct bile of chronic opistorchosis patients. Cholestasis, caused by long-term parasitization of helminth Opisthorchis felineus in hepatobiliary system of the body, mediates formation of the host promoter factors, contributing to cholangiocarcinoma progression. These include: high concentration in duct bile of bile acids, products of helminths activity and lipid peroxidation of somatic cell membranes. Promoter factors of cholangiocanerogenesis are also – disorders of cholangiocyte membranes structure, tissue regulation of their regeneration, DNA repair and anti-tumorigenic protection of the body. The results of the study confirm the concept of occurrence and development of the process of cholangiocarcinogenesis in chronic opistorchosis infestation, proposed by Professor A.A. Shain and allow to reasonably develop approaches to the correction of homeostasis regulation systems of the organism in the specified helminthiasis. Which also determines the secondary prevention of malignant process in ductal epithelium of hepatobiliary system in posthelminthic period.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):98-112
pages 98-112 views

Analysis of the Potential of GIS Technologies in the Assessment of Environmental Factors of Malariogenicity in the Territories of the Volgograd Region

Novikov D.S., Kolomytsev V.V., Lebedeva V.V., Chmulev I.S.

Abstract

In the southern regions of Russia, high risks of the spread of malaria remain. The situation is aggravated by the increase in average annual temperatures in the long-term distribution and the growth of eutrophicated small water bodies, which are favorable for the completion of the life cycle of the disease vectors – mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. In order to establish the relationship between climatic factors and the status of populations of insect vectors of the causative agent of malaria, an analysis of the amount of surface water was carried out using GIS technologies. For the calculation, the MNDWI index was chosen, based on the use of images in the Green and SWIR bands of the Landsat 8 satellite. The indicators of the average and maximum number of larvae and adults of mosquitoes were analyzed on the basis of information presented in the annual reports of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and human well-being in the Volgograd region. There are three malariogenic zones in the region: northern (Kamyshinsky), central (Volgograd) and southern (Kotelnikovskaya). The overall dynamics of MNDWI for the Kamyshin zone tended to increase the water index from -0.176 to -0.171 in a two-year range. Similar MNDWI indicators for the Volgograd and Kotelnikovsky malariogenic foci also had a positive trend in the period from 2018 to 2020. The modified normalized water index for them increased from -0.152 to -0.126 and from -0.215 to -0.158, respectively. Calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient for the study area revealed the presence of a high closeness of a direct relationship between the MNDWI index and the maximum number of larvae/adults in the Kamyshin region (0.994/0.833). For Volgograd, the strength of the correlation was in the region of average (noticeable) values, except for the average value for adults, where the relationship was strong (0.904). In Kotelnikovo, the relationship between periods of drought and the number of larvae was inversely proportional, with the exception of the maximum number of adults (0.943), which can be explained by the small value of the sample of the final emergence of insects and the measurement error due to the logic of the methodology for studying the number of larval forms in natural water bodies. The results obtained can be used to improve the system for monitoring the dynamics of malariogenicity by supervisory authorities in the field of population welfare. Further research prospects are associated with a change in approaches to assessing the average values of the number of malaria vector insects, as well as with our own field work on the study of the composition of the mosquito entemofauna of the river. Anopheles for the purpose of calibrating data reported by government agencies.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):113-121
pages 113-121 views

Biogeochemical Features of Landscapes of the Nadym Region of YANAO

Moskovchenko D.V., Romanenko E.A.

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to reveal the biogeochemical features of soils (illuvial-ferruginous podzols, podzols, cryozems, oligotrophic peat frozen soils, alluvial gray-humus and lacustrine-alluvial soils) and vegetation (Betula nana L., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, Vaccinium uliginosum L., Ledum palustre L., Sphagnum sp L.) of the Nadym region. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set and implemented: to determine the total content and radial differentiation of elements in the studied soils; to reveal the features of the biological accumulation of elements by the dominant types of vegetation cover. The elemental composition of soils and plants was determined on a serial X-ray fluorescence spectrometer S6 JAGUAR according to the method for determining the mass fraction of metals and metal oxides in powder samples. It has been established that the soils of the Nadym region are characterized by a low content of macroelements, including potassium, calcium, and phosphorus necessary for the mineral nutrition of plants. Calculation of soil-geochemical coefficients shows that the studied soils have an average degree of weathering and leaching moisture regime, peat-gley and cryozems are classified as more fertile soils. Ca, P, and S are accumulated in organic soil horizons, and Co, Cr, and Ni are accumulated in mineral horizons. The radial geochemical structure of cryozems combines features of eluvial-illuvial differentiation and biogenic accumulation. In podzols, the distribution of all elements is eluvial-illuvial, with a minimum in the podzolic horizon. Among plants, the leader in the accumulation of elements is dwarf birch (the maximum accumulation of Ca, K, P, Mg, Zn, Ni), in mosses, on the contrary, the minimum accumulation of elements was found. The elements of energetic and strong accumulation (Kb=n-100n) include Pb, Mo, Cd, Cl, S.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2022;(4):122-136
pages 122-136 views

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