This article debates the participation of the Kazakhs in the activities of the Orenburg Boundary Commission - the main authority in charge of relations with the Kazakhs Junior Horde in the first half and in the middle of the XIX century. Indirect control and management was one of the ways to integrate the national remote regions in the Empire, and such control was a synthesis of the local traditional political and legal forms with the similar Russian forms, followed by a gradual displacement of the local laws and regulations. The system of border management is the most typical manifestation of such changes. Border authorities consisted of the representatives of the vassal territories and the Russian administration, resolving mutual claims and disputes on a parity basis. The Orenburg Boundary Commission acted like this authority in relations with the Kazakhs. The representatives of the Kazakhs, first chosen by the Khans and Khan’s council, had to defend the interests of Kazakhs held liable for crimes against “native” Russian nationals, and to participate in the resolution of civil disputes (commercial, land-related, etc.) that used to arise at the Russian-Kazakh border. Over time, the Kazakh deputies evolved into officials, appointed and dismissed by the Russian authorities, but their main functions were anyway preserved. Since the middle of the 20-ies, only Kazakh Sultans were assigned as the officers of the Orenburg Boundary Commission, and being well-educated, and at the top of the steppe herders society, they now could work on a par with the Russian councilors - many of them were graduates of the Neplyuev Orenburg military school. Not always, and not all Kazakh deputies could perform their functions effectively - some of them behaved as extortioners, some supported the rebel sultans. However, the mere presence of the Kazakh representatives increased the value of the Boundary Commission when resolving the disputes, and it could act as an arbitration body, and the authority protecting the interests of the Kazakhs in all conflicts with the Russian frontaliers, Cossacks and Bashkirs.
prisoedinenie Kazahstana k Rossii, Orenburgskaya pogranichnaya komissiya, chinovniki-kazahi, sultany, Mladshiy zhuz
1. AVPRI. SPb. GA. F. 161. II-25. Op. 70. 1786-1842. D. 1. Ch. 2.
2. GAOO. F. 222. Op. 1. D. 1.
3. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 3445.
4. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 3578e.
5. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 3725b.
6. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 3905.
7. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 5447.
8. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 5468.
9. GAOO. F. 6. Op. 10. D. 7176.
10. Gorbunova S. V. 2015. Obuchenie kazahov v Neplyuevskom voennom uchilische (kadetskom korpuse) (1825-1866 gg.) // Korichko A. V. (otv. red.). Kul'tura, nauka, obrazovanie: problemy i perspektivy: Materialy IV Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii (g. Nizhnevartovsk, 12-13 fevralya 2015 goda). Ch. I. Nizhnevartovsk: NVGU, 87-89.
11. Dobrosmyslov A. I. 1901. Turgayskaya oblast'. Istoricheskiy ocherk // Izvestiya Orenburgskogo otdela Imperatorskogo russkogo geograficheskogo obschestva. Vyp. 16. Orenburg: Tipo-litografiya Turgayskogo oblastnogo pravleniya.
12. Dobrosmyslov A. I. 1904. Sud u kirgiz Turgayskoy oblasti v XVIII i XIX vekah. Kazan': Tipo-litografiya Imperatorskogo Kazanskogo universiteta.
13. Istoriya Kazahstana v russkih istochnikah XVI-HH vekov. T. VIII. Ch. 2. O pochetneyshih i vliyatel'neyshih ordyncah: alfavitnye, formulyarnye i posluzhnye spiski. 2006. Almaty: Dayk-Press.
14. Masanov E. A. 1966. Ocherk istorii etnograficheskogo izucheniya kazahskogo naroda v SSSR. Alma-Ata: Nauka.
15. Materialy po istorii politicheskogo stroya Kazahstana (so vremeni prisoedineniya k Rossii do Velikoy oktyabr'skoy socialisticheskoy revolyucii). 1960. Alma-Ata: Akademiya nauk Kazahskoy SSR.
16. Meyer L. 1865. Kirgizskaya step' Orenburgskogo vedomstva. Materialy dlya geografii i statistiki Rossii, sobrannye oficerami General'nogo shtaba. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipografii E. Veymara i F. Negsona.
17. RGIA. F. 1291. Op. 81. D. 18.
18. RGIA. F. 1291. Op. 81. D. 44a.
19. Sultangalieva G. S. 2009. Kazahskoe chinovnichestvo orenburgskogo vedomstva: formirovanie i napravleniya deyatel'nosti (XIX) // Acta Slavica Iaponika 27, 77-101.
20. Terent'ev M. A. 1906. Istoriya zavoevaniya Sredney Azii. T. 1. Sankt-Peterburg: Tipo-litografiya V.V. Komarova.
21. Uderbaeva S. K. 2014. Integraciya kazahskih chinovnikov v administrativnyy apparat upravleniya Rossiyskoy imperii (XIX-XX vv.) // Zhurinov M. Zh. (glav. red.). Doklady Nacional'noy akademii nauk Respubliki Kazahstan 3, 171-175.
22. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 1. Zhurnaly zasedaniy obschego prisutstviya Pogranichnoy Komissii.
23. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 12.
24. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 14.
25. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 15.
26. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 16.
27. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 2.
28. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 337.
29. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 4957.
30. CGA RK. F. 4. Op. 1. D. 6.
