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Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University
Journals / Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University / Issue 2 / «THEY WILL NOT SUFFER WHILE HABITUATING TO SUBORDINATION AND JUSTICE»: PARTICIPATION OF THE KAZAKHS IN THE ORENBURG BOUNDARY COMMISSION (1799-1869)
UDC 94(574)

«THEY WILL NOT SUFFER WHILE HABITUATING TO SUBORDINATION AND JUSTICE»: PARTICIPATION OF THE KAZAKHS IN THE ORENBURG BOUNDARY COMMISSION (1799-1869)

Published in Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University · Issue 2 · Pages 85–91 · Rubric: Articles
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36906/2311-1402-2017-85-91
Received: 06.06.2017 Accepted: 15.06.2017 Published: 25.06.2017 Language of publication: RUS
Authors
S
S V Gorbunova
ABSTRACT
This article debates the participation of the Kazakhs in the activities of the Orenburg Boundary Commission - the main authority in charge of relations with the Kazakhs Junior Horde in the first half and in the middle of the XIX century. Indirect control and management was one of the ways to integrate the national remote regions in the Empire, and such control was a synthesis of the local traditional political and legal forms with the similar Russian forms, followed by a gradual displacement of the local laws and regulations. The system of border management is the most typical manifestation of such changes. Border authorities consisted of the representatives of the vassal territories and the Russian administration, resolving mutual claims and disputes on a parity basis. The Orenburg Boundary Commission acted like this authority in relations with the Kazakhs. The representatives of the Kazakhs, first chosen by the Khans and Khan’s council, had to defend the interests of Kazakhs held liable for crimes against “native” Russian nationals, and to participate in the resolution of civil disputes (commercial, land-related, etc.) that used to arise at the Russian-Kazakh border. Over time, the Kazakh deputies evolved into officials, appointed and dismissed by the Russian authorities, but their main functions were anyway preserved. Since the middle of the 20-ies, only Kazakh Sultans were assigned as the officers of the Orenburg Boundary Commission, and being well-educated, and at the top of the steppe herders society, they now could work on a par with the Russian councilors - many of them were graduates of the Neplyuev Orenburg military school. Not always, and not all Kazakh deputies could perform their functions effectively - some of them behaved as extortioners, some supported the rebel sultans. However, the mere presence of the Kazakh representatives increased the value of the Boundary Commission when resolving the disputes, and it could act as an arbitration body, and the authority protecting the interests of the Kazakhs in all conflicts with the Russian frontaliers, Cossacks and Bashkirs.
KEYWORDS
prisoedinenie Kazahstana k Rossii, Orenburgskaya pogranichnaya komissiya, chinovniki-kazahi, sultany, Mladshiy zhuz
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