No 2 (2021)

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Full Issue

Plant ecology

Some research on the genus Camellia l. (Theaceae) with representatives in Vietnam

Hoi Q.V., Thin D.B., Thinh B.B.

Abstract

Many studies have been conducted to classify the genus Camellia, yet they have not been entirely consistent. Therefore, doing research on some of the taxonomic systems of the genus Camellia will serve as the basis for the classification and arrangement of recently discovered species into a consistent system. A series of studies based on morphology as well as molecular biology techniques, the classification of pollen spores, and the analysis of leaf anatomy were examined. The systems based on morphological characteristics were inherited and widely recognized, thereby becoming an appropriate method to classify the genus Camellia with representatives in Vietnam.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):5-11
pages 5-11 views

Infradian rhythms of daily shoot increment in Salix viminalis (salicaceae) clones

Afonin A.A.

Abstract

The structure of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots of basket willow (Salix viminalis) is described and analyzed. Object: model inbred-clone population of S. viminalis. Material: developing shoots on annual saplings from cuttings. Methods: comparative morphological, chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. The formation of dimorphic root systems of one-year saplings from cuttings is described. It is established that the seasonal dynamics of daily increment of shoots is determined by the interaction of linear and nonlinear components. Linear components are approximated by regression equations, and nonlinear components are approximated by harmonic oscillation equations. The rhythmicity of seasonal dynamics of shoot growth is described. Four groups of biorhythms were identified: annual with a period of about 96 days, subannual with a period of 40…64 days, and infradian with a period of 19…24 days and infradian with a period of 10…16 days. The alternation of peaks and dips in the seasonal dynamics of shoot increment is determined by infradian biorhythms with a period of 19...24 days. Infradian biorhythms with different periods are synchronized with each other. The probable reason is the existence of a pulse synchronizer of biorhythms. Interclonal differences in the seasonal dynamics of the daily growth of shoots were not revealed. The probable cause of intraclonal differences is the ontogenetic heterogeneity of vegetative buds, from which annual shoots have developed. To verify this hypothesis, we plan to observe the development of seedlings grown from cuttings harvested from different parts of the uterine shoots. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account when planning agroforestry measures for crop of S. viminalis.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):12-22
pages 12-22 views

Bioecological features and prospects for the introduction of Brahea armata s. Watson on the southern сoast of Crimea

Maksimov A.P., Trikoz N.N., Golovnev I.I., Kovalev M.S.

Abstract

The history of the introduction of the Mexican blue palm (Brahea armata S. Watson, 1876) in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens was given and the distribution of this species on the Southern Coast of Crimea was shown. Average quantitative biometric indicators of leaves’ growth and death were analyzed for the growing season on the basis of phenological observations of experimental plants, taking into account the existing agronomic background. The influence of various combinations of meteorological parameters on these factors was determined, causing one or another degree of freezing not only as a result of the effect of minimal negative temperatures, but also of the factor of soil and atmospheric moisture. The threshold values of exposure to extreme negative temperatures for B. armata at the lethal and sublethal levels were determined. Criteria were developed by which in the future it will be possible to provide scientifically grounded recommendations on the cultivation of this species in the conditions of the SCC and the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The threat of settlement of representatives of the Arecaceae family (Arecaceae C.H. Schultz) with new species of phytophages and infection with fungal diseases was revealed. Recommendations for combating fungal diseases and insect pests were given.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):23-31
pages 23-31 views

Determination of the shannon biodiversity index of plant communities formed by edificatory trees using the example of forests in the north of western Siberia

Tsibulsky V.R., Arefiev S.P., Novikov V.P., Soloviev I.G., Govorkov D.A.

Abstract

The article proposes one of the tools for effective forest management – a methodology for assessing forest biodiversity based on the Shannon index or the evenness of biomes formed by dominant edificator trees. The concept is given and the formula for determining the Shannon biodiversity index for communities (biomes) is provided, depending on the probability distribution of edificator trees. Moreover, the biome index is determined on the basis of the occurrence, and the probability distribution of edificators is determined by the dominant species: larch, pine, cedar, spruce and birch on the territory of their continuous and mosaic growth in the taiga and forest-tundra zones of forestry enterprises in the north of Western Siberia. This makes it possible to give a preliminary estimate of the possible values of the biodiversity index of a vast area occupied by forest using satellite observations. Using the descriptions of biomes of the noted edificator trees given by B.N. Norin, V.I. Valutskiy and E.I. Lapshina, the authors of the article obtained indices of the Shannon biodiversity and uniformity for a number of biomes similar in terms of growing conditions to the forest zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. The probability distribution of edificator trees was obtained on the basis of data on the growing area of these species on the interactive map “Forests of Russia” as of 01.01.2018. As a result, an assessment of the biodiversity of the forest area in each forestry enterprise was obtained and a map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area forestry enterprises with the digital values of this index is provided.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):32-39
pages 32-39 views

Resources of medicinal plants of the national park «Bashkiria» of the republic of Bashkortostan

Shestak P.S., Chaus B.Y., Sultangareeva L.A.

Abstract

The vegetation of the Bashkiria National Park is one of the basic components for studying the flora and vegetation of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Accounting and protection of such plant biodiversity is important for their conservation and study. Based on the results of geobotanical surveys in the Bashkiria National Park in the spring-summer period of 2020, 270 species of medicinal plants belonging to 61 families were identified, of which the majority in terms of the number of species are represented by the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae and Apiaceae. Despite the fact that in geomorphological terms the national park is included in the region of low-mountainous relief of the eastern region of the mountains of the Southern Urals, medicinal plants belonging to meadow and forest coenotic groups prevail in the Bashkiria National Park. The presence of previously discovered species such as Rhodiola iremelica Boriss – Rhodiola Iremel, Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench – Sandy cumin, Cypripedium guttatum Sw. – spotted lady’s slipper, included in the Red Book of Bashkiria. In addition, Stipa pennata L. was found – feather grass included in both the Red Book of Bashkiria and the Red Book of Russia.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):40-47
pages 40-47 views

Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in grass leonurus quinquelobatum gilib

Dyakova N.A.

Abstract

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study the contamination by heavy metals of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of the grass of the five-plant desert collected in urban and agro-ecological systems, which experience different anthropogenic effects. The accumulations of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic were studied, in 51 samples of five-layer desert grass. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the five-layer desert, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The five-point desert is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With a significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the leaves. Thus, for a five-layer desert under anthropogenic load conditions, an edaphotype is formed as a result of the action of selection under conditions of man-made pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions. The results of studies have shown that the grass of the five-plant desert is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):48-56
pages 48-56 views

Modification of the methodology for ssessing the viability of introduced species in accordance with the conditions of dry steppe zone of the Orenburg region

Fedorova D.G., Nazarova N.M., Kuhlevskaya Y.F.

Abstract

The work was carried out to modify the method of assessing the viability of plants, taking into account the limiting factors of the climatic conditions of the Orenburg Preduralie. Are studied several species of plants, during the introduction at the steppe zone (on example of Оrenburg). Introduction study of all taxons was carried out for 8 years (2012–2020). The results of visual and laboratory observations of the seasonal development of species. During the entire observation period such indicators, as lignification of shoots, heat resistance, drought resistance, winter hardiness, shoot-forming capacity, height increase, generative development, and possible ways of reproduction in culture were evaluated annually. For each indicator numerical values in points corresponding to a certain state of the plant were selected. Based on the integrated assessment, the total viability score was calculated separately for each year of observations and the average score for the observation period. The sum of the average scores is an integral numerical expression of the viability of the introduced plants. Was established that the studied species belong to the I and II group relatively the criterion of life skills. The most species and sorts are among the most promising plants for introduction.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):57-62
pages 57-62 views

Animal ecology

Biological diversity of the spiders herpetobiont population of degraded biotopes in Volgograd city and its surroundings

Hnykin A.S., Ivantsova E.A.

Abstract

The article deals with exposed to strong anthropogenic impact of biotopes spiders species community on the territory of Volgograd (South of the European territory of Russia). The material was collected using Barber’s open soil traps with a fixing solution. Using the Simpson diversity index, the state of biotopes was evaluated, and the comparison of the species composition of spiders using cluster analysis based on the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Jaccard index was carried out. In the course of the exploring, it was found out that the steppe biotopes of this region are least susceptible to anthropogenic load. In urban environment species are replaced with those that are more resistant to anthropogenic stress, but biological diversity is restored over time. The species composition of the near-aquatic biotopes most susceptible to the influence of the environment microclimatic conditions.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):63-69
pages 63-69 views

Size-age differences in the bioecology of Mesobuthus eupeus (c.l. koch, 1839) (arachnida, scorpiones, buthidae) in Azerbaijan

Novruzov N.E.

Abstract

The biotopical distribution, size and age structure of the population, nocturnal activity rhythm and feeding of the mottled scorpion (Mesobuthus eupeus) were studied. The research was conducted on the left bank of the Pirsagat river (Shirvan plain, Istern Azerbaijan). All discovered individuals of scorpions were divided into 5 size and age groups by the length of the metasome. The biotopical distribution of the mottled scorpion had a pronounced aggregated character with the formation of local clusters (settlements) in which 5 types of ratios of size and age groups were identified. It was found that individuals of II groups and I have unimodal, III and IV groups – bimodal, and V group – trimodal character of the rhythm of nocturnal activity. As the size of scorpions increases, the breadth of the nutrition spectrum increases, and the intensity of nutrition decreases. The index of electivity in II groups and I had negative values, and from III to V groups for some taxa of preys – positive values. Representatives of the orders Isopoda (Crustacea), Aranei (Arachnida), Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera (Insecta) play a leading role in the nutrition of individuals of all size- age groups. As the size of scorpions increases, the proportion of members of the orders Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Collembola in their diet decreases. Representatives of the orders Coleoptera and Orthoptera are noted in the diet of scorpions from group III to V groups. Representatives of the orders Pulmonata (Gastropoda), Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta), Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda), and Solifugae (Arachnida) are present in the diet only in individuals of IV and V groups.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):70-81
pages 70-81 views

Population of small terrestrial vertebrates of the nature monument “Cheuskinsky bor” (Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug – Yugra)

Bernikov K.A., Starikov V.P., Sarapultseva E.S., Nakonechny N.V.

Abstract

There are 25 specially protected natural areas of various status have been organized on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra. Despite their great nature conservation value, the degree of study of flora and fauna, as well as the ecology of plants and animals in the territory of most of them, remains relatively low. Until now, special studies of small terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting the Cheuskinsky Bor have been carried out. In 2020, our research of small terrestrial vertebrates were carried out. The purpose of the study is to identify the species composition and some features of ecology (abundance, biotopic distribution) of small mammals, amphibians and reptiles. The research was carried out in July-September 2020. Metal cones were used to catch most of the vertebrate species. A total of 7400 cone-days have been worked out. 10 species of small mammals and 3 of amphibians are registered. The species composition of small mammals at the Cheuskinsky Bor site is relatively poor, 10 species were captured by cones, 3 were marked visually. The group of dominants included the common shrew and the red-backed vole. They accounted for 22% and 77%, respectively, of all recorded animals. Reptiles in the 2020 season were not registered in the counts, however, according to the literature, the habitat of the common European adder and viviparous lizard is known. Among amphibians, the moor frog and Siberian salamander are rare, the European toad is common. In the future, when conducting annual studies, the list of small mammals can be supplemented by 7–14 species of insectivores, bats and rodents, the list of amphibians – 1 species.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):82-87
pages 82-87 views

Ecology and nature management

Approach to optimizing ecological monitoring of water quality using indicators of constancy of higher water vegetation (using example of upper course of white river in Bashkortostan republic)

Chaus B.Y.

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the dynamics of the constancy indicators of representatives of higher aquatic vegetation (VBR) in the upper reaches of the Belaya River (Republic of Bashkortostan) from 2005 to 2019. Constancy indicators of 11 species of BBP (Butomus umbellatus L., 1753; Elodea canadensis Michx., 1803; Najas marina L., 1753; Potamogeton natans L., 1753; Potamogeton perfoliatus L., 1753; Potamogeton crispus L., 1753; Stuckenia pectinata L., 1753; Myriophyllum spicatum L., 1753; Lemna minor L., 1753; Spirodela polyrhiza Schleid., 1839 and Ceratophyllum demersum L., 1753) were registered in the areas of 2 state water posts – the Shushpa railway station and the Arsky Kamen recreation house. In the course of research, for the first time, lists of permanent, additional and random species of BBP were compiled, correlation-regression models of the relationships between the constancy indicators of representatives of higher aquatic vegetation with the content of chemicals were calculated, the pollutants most strongly affecting the constancy indicators of representatives of BBP were identified, determined in the water of the upper course of the Belaya River.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):101-105
pages 101-105 views

Annual dynamics of dispersion mapping indicators of electrocardiogram tracing in students with different chronotypes

Pogonysheva I.A., Lunyak I.I., Pogonyshev D.A.

Abstract

The paper examines the annual profile of fluctuating microalternations of some ECG parameters in healthy students who live in northern conditions and have different chronotypes. The main method of the research was the dispersion mapping that helped assess the energy and metabolic processes in myocardium. Among male and female students, 14,3% had the morning chronotype, 50,7% had the arrhythmic chronotype, and 35% had the evening chronotype. Previously published research results showed a similar distribution of chronotypes among the population of the north: individuals with the arrhythmic chronotype dominate in the sample, the evening chronotype is the second most common, and the morning chronotype can be found in a smaller number of people. The seasonal dynamics of dispersion mapping indicators in students was analyzed. The analyses revealed an increase in the values of the Myocardium Index in students of all chronotypes in spring, with no significant deviations to be noted. The maximum values of the Heart Rate and Rhythm indicators in the annual dynamics in all students were noted in spring, and the minimum values, in summer, with significant deviations observed. The Rhythm integral indicator pointed to the signs of tension of adaptation mechanisms in the subjects with the evening chronotype in spring. Increased ECG microalterations (Myocardium, Heart Rate, Rhythm) in male and female students in spring may indicate the influence of climatic conditions that put a greater stress on the cardiovascular system in the transitional seasons. It is manifested by a change in the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium. In the subjects with the evening chronotype, the circadian rhythms of the circulatory system were more sensitive to the hypocomfortable conditions of the north.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):88-92
pages 88-92 views

Latent factors of the components of physical development in children and adolescents of the northern region with undifferentiated connective tissue displasion

Shevnin I.A., Tatarintsev P.B., Ragozina O.V., Ilyushchenko N.A., Ragozin O.N., Schalamova E.Y.

Abstract

In connection with the spread of undifferentiated forms of connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) in unfavorable climatogeographic and environmental conditions, it seems relevant to assess the impact of organogenesis disorders on physical development in schoolchildren living in the northern region. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of this study was to study the relationships and interdependencies of the components of physical development and somatometric indicators in children of the northern region with phenotypic signs of connective tissue dysplasia. Anthropometric indicators were revealed that can be used for express diagnostics of the level of physical development in children with UCTD – these are the length of the legs, the thickness of the skin-fat fold on the front surface of the shoulder and the interorbital-circumferential index. When assessing covariants such as age and sex, there is a correlation of clusters of long-length values with age, the relationship of the thickness of the skin-fat folds with the floor, and the parameters assessing changes in the cerebral and facial skull, such as: face width, head circumference and interorbital-circumferential index are associated with both sex and with age. The influence of posture disorders on the studied components of physical development is manifested by higher growth in children with flat and round-curved backs, a decrease in the thickness of skin-fat folds and head size with a round and round-curved back. Thus, for a comparative analysis of gender and age differences in the level of physical development in children with UCTD, it is necessary to take into account the dynamics of interdependent anthropometric indicators and indices, taking into account postural disorders.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):93-100
pages 93-100 views

Assessment of the state of soils of uncultivated agricultural lands by indicators of enzymatic activity, humus and heavy metals

Mishchenko N.V., Kurochkin I.N., Chugay N.V., Kulagina E.Y.

Abstract

Studies were conducted to determine such indicators as humus, heavy metals, and enzymatic activity in the soils of uncultivated farmlands of the Vladimir region located in the Klyazma river basin. In the course of field research in 2018, soil samples were selected at 13 points representing various landscape areas belonging to the Klyazma river basin. According to the results of research, a positive relationship between the activity of soil enzymes and the content of humus was established. In the soils of uncultivated farmland, where there is a high concentration of soil enzymes, a high percentage of humus was found – from 2.88% to 3.96%. The dependence between the indicators of activity of soil enzymes and anthropogenic impact was revealed. Thus, the transition from deposits to the meadow, i.e. reduce anthropogenic impact on the soil, there is a sharp increase in the activity of soil invertase, catalase and dehydrogenase, an active process of humification of soil. The detected concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples of uncultivated farmland do not exceed the standards set for the approximate permissible concentrations, but their quantitative content has increased significantly over the past decade, their accumulation occurs and there is a potential danger in the case of secondary input of these soils into agricultural use.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):106-111
pages 106-111 views

Physiological activity of recultivated alluvial soils with different residual content of oil products

Vershinin A.A., Petrov A.M., Karimullin L.K., Knyazev I.V., Kuznetsova T.V.

Abstract

The respiratory activity parameters of various types of alluvial soils with different residual content of oil products were studied. The inhibitory effect of oil products on basal respiration in re-cultivated soils was not found. The substrate-induced respiration of most soils remained at the control level or decreased slightly. Soils differed significantly in the degree of resistance of their microbial pool to oil products. The microflora of alluvial soils is able to overcome the negative effects of high oil concentrations. In remediated soils, a strong effect of oil on the community of soil microorganisms was not found, while medium or low impact prevailed. Microbial communities of light alluvial soils showed more resistance to oil products. Restoration measures on alluvial meadow soils require more attention than remediation of alluvial bog and meadow soils.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):112-118
pages 112-118 views

Single concentrations of particulate matter PM2,5 and PM10 in the lower layers of the atmosphereof Tobolsk

Pozhitkov R.Y.

Abstract

The aim of the work is to determine the single concentrations of particulate matter in the lower layers of the atmosphere of Tobolsk. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the amount of PM2,5 and PM10 in various functional zones of the city; to create schemes for the quantitative distribution of suspended particles throughout the city; to localize areas with high levels of pollution for further monitoring; to analyze the influence of certain meteorological indicators (temperature and humidity air) on the content of suspended particles. The measurements were performed according to the repeatedly tested method using the “AIR TESTER CW-HAT 200” device. It is established that in the lowers air layers of Tobolsk the content of PM2,5 and PM10 is low, the average geometric values are 5 and 7 ug/m3, respectively, which is significantly lower than the established maximum single concentrations for this indicator. The lowest values were found in the industrial and utility and storage zones, the highest values were found near the highway zone and in the city center, which suggests that the main source of PM2. 5 and PM10 is vehicles. Two sites with an increased level of pollution by suspended particles were localized. There were no significant correlations between PM2,5 and PM10 concentrations and air temperature and humidity.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):119-126
pages 119-126 views

The influence of oil pollution on the growth and development of phleum pratense, festuca pratensis, phalaris canariensis

Akateva T.G.

Abstract

Purpose of the study: to study the effect of oil pollution on the morphological parameters of cereal grasses: canary grass, timothy grass and meadow fescue. Tasks: assessment of the impact of oil pollution of soils on seed germination, growth and development of the studied species by morphological parameters; analysis of the species variability of the studied indicators. Oil-contaminated high-moor peat was used as a substrate. Objects of research: seeds of cereal grasses: meadow timothy Phleum pratense L, 1753, meadow fescue Festuca pratensis Huds, canary grass Phalaris canariensis. Evaluation of the effect of oil-contaminated soil was carried out on the basis of changes in seed germination and morphological parameters: plant mass, leaf length, length and number of roots. The experimental results were processed by the method of variation statistics. As a result of studying the effect of oil-contaminated peat on seed germination, it was found that in the variants of the experiment with the minimum oil content, no differences were noted with the control values. The maximum concentration of oil (10,000 mg / kg) reduced seed germination by 9–24%. With an increase in the oil content in the soil, the morphometric parameters of all the studied species of cereal grasses also decreased. The greatest differences in the studied test functions, in comparison with the control variant, were noted in canary grass, the smallest – in meadow fescue.

Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University. 2021;(2):127-134
pages 127-134 views

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